Anthem 2 Free Essays

Mrs. Gomez English 2CP 4, October, 2011 Were the battles for singularity that Equality and Harrison needed to confront, as troublesome as they suspected it seemed to be? In the novella Anthem and the short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† Rand and Vonnegut utilize the subject of independence versus community to show the mistreatment of every general public, the dread used to control its residents and the characters that rebel. We will compose a custom paper test on Hymn 2 or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now In the two stories, abuse is utilized to make everybody equivalent. The administration in Anthem removes its citizens’ independence to make a piece of the gathering. In the two stories, abuse is utilized to make everybody equivalent. â€Å"For the word ‘We’ should never be spoken, spare by one’s decision and as a second thought† This shows the word â€Å"We† was not, at this point used to depict individuals. They were their own individual. â€Å"We† was resolved as â€Å"I†, the word â€Å"we† removed their singularity. To remove their singularity, they doled out individuals employments, similar to road sweeper or specialist, gave them no decisions, since they didn't let them pick their names or occupations, and put them into gatherings so they would not be separated from everyone else. George is athletic, so he wears loads on him that moderate him down, additionally being incredibly astute, George wears an ear radio that goes off at regular intervals, and the ballet performers wear covers in the story since they are wonderful. â€Å"Nobody was preferred investigating any other individual. No one was more intelligent than any other individual. No one was or faster than any other individual. † Nobody was better than any other individual. Everybody was equivalent. They utilized debilitations to make everybody the equivalent. The Handicapper General, Diana Moon Glampers, allots the characters impairments to make everybody equivalent in the short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†. Harrison battled for his and everybody else’s distinction. Dread was utilized to control the characters in the two social orders. The Uncharted Forrest and The Transgressor were utilized to unnerve the general public in Anthem. The Transgressor was utilized for instance for all individuals who figured they could be a person. The Uncharted Forrest caused the general public to feel like they were caught. â€Å"We had not thought of coming here, yet our legs had conveyed our insight, and our legs had carried us to the Uncharted Forrest without wanting to. † Equality would not like to be in the Uncharted Forrest on the grounds that he didn't have the foggiest idea what was in there. Since the entire society feared the Uncharted Forrest, Equality would not like to be there when he originally entered. Diana Moon Glampers filled the general public with dread by appointing individuals incapacitates and shooting Harrison and the ballet performer. The discipline for taking out the lead balls on the loads was time in prison and a fine of $2000. â€Å"It was then that Diana Moon Glampers, the Handicapper General, came into the studio with a twofold dashed ten-check fired firearm. She terminated twice, and the Emperor and Empress were dead before they hit the floor. Diana Moon Glampers stacked the weapon once more. She pointed it at the artists and revealed to them they had ten seconds to recover their impediment on. †After shooting the Emperor and Empress, she attempted to alarm the artists by pointing the weapon at them. The dread of being shot like the Emperor and Empress frightened the others. Harrison made a case of what not to do on the grounds that Diana Moon Glampers shot him for ignoring her power. In the two stories, there were characters that opposed their general public. In Anthem, Equality opposed his general public by slipping ceaselessly. Uniformity escaped the gathering gatherings and made power in a passage. So when the most seasoned of them asked us: ‘Where have you been? ’ we thought of our glass box and of our light, and we overlooked all else. Furthermore, we replied: ‘We won't let you know. ’ The most established didn't address us further. † Equality defied the World Council of Scholars and afterward would not disclose to them where he had been. He was not permitted to be separated from everyone else in light of the fact that being distant from everyone else carried you closer to being a person. Harrison Bergeron defies the general public by getting away from prison. â€Å"’Harrison Bergeron, age fourteen,’ she said in a grackle cackle, ‘has just got away from prison. Harrison needs to topple the legislature, and tell them the best way to be free and utilize their gifts. He needs independence for him and every other person. He got away from prison and opposed the general public. All in all, Equality and Harrison both confronted impediments when taking a stab at independence. The two of them had the inclination to be something more than equivalent to every other person. In the novella Anthem and the short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† Rand and Vonnegut utilize the topic of independence versus cooperation to show the mistreatment of every general public, the dread used to control its r esidents and the characters that rebel. The most effective method to refer to Anthem 2, Papers

An analysis of Schools of Psychotherapy as they relate to Anger Managem

An investigation of Schools of Psychotherapy as they identify with Anger Management Outrage is a fundamental human feeling that rises above social limits. Be that as it may, regardless of its all inclusiveness, a precise definition settled upon by all individuals is missing (Norcross and Kobayashi, 1999). Physiologically, cerebrum focuses in the amygdala are associated with outrage handling. Since the data preparing that happens in this mind structure is crude, outrage can be activated improperly and without the person's information on the reason. In psychodynamic terms, past occasions and encounters smothered in the oblivious can be the wellspring of produced outrage. In intellectual conduct terms, outrage is portrayed as a collaboration of conduct, insight, and physiological excitement (Ambrose and Mayne, 1999). As indicated by Deffenbacher (1999), outrage might be stimulated by explicit outside occasions, a blend of these outer occasions with the resentment related recollections they inspire, and inside upgrades, for example, feelings or contemplations. It result s when occasions are decided to include a trespass upon the individual space, an affront to or an ambush upon sense of self personality, an infringement of qualities and desires, as well as ridiculous obstruction with objective coordinated conduct (p.297). Two principle approaches to treat outrage include helping patients to forestall outrage actuation or helping them to manage outrage sign. The previous is commonly a more extended and progressively troublesome methodology because of the way that early enthusiastic standards of conduct are difficult to change or wipe out. Hence, the control of outrage may end up being a progressively successful course of treatment (Ambrose and Mayne, 1999). A wide range of schools of psychotherapy have tended to the issue of outrage. Due to the absence of a generally identic... ...al Psychology, 55(3), 275-282. Messer, S.B. (2001). What Makes Brief Psychodynamic Therapy Time Efficient. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8, 5-22. McGinn, L.K., and Sanderson, W.C. (2001). What Allows Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to be Brief: Overview, Efficacy, and Crucial Factors Facilitating Brief Treatment. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8, 23-37. Paivio, S.C. (1999). Experiential Conceptualization and Treatment of Anger. Clinical Psychology, 55(3), 311-324. Phares, E.J., and Trull, T.J. (2001). Clinical Psychology. California: Wadsworth. Van Deurzen, E. (2000). Humanistic-existential methodologies. In C.Feltham and I. Horton (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling and Psychotherapy (pp.331-336). London: SAGE Publications.Ambrose, T.K., and Mayne, T.J. (1999). Research Review on Anger in Psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology, 55(3), 353-363.

Eating Disorders Commonly Found in Teens

Eating Disorders Commonly Found in Teens Eating Disorders Print Eating Disorders Commonly Found in Teens By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on February 13, 2018 Fuse / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention There’s more pressure than ever on teens to be thin. Social media, magazines, and commercials send the message that being extremely thin is the ideal body type.? Many teens experience serious body image issues, which places them at risk of taking drastic measures to slim down. From crash diets to excessive exercise, the pressure to be thin can take a serious toll on a teen’s well-being. Research suggests about 1 or 2% of all teens develop an eating disorder at one time or another. Eating disorders often begin in children in as young as 12. Here are the types of eating disorders commonly found in teenagers: Anorexia Nervosa Despite being dangerously thin, teens with anorexia nervosa think they’re overweight. They become obsessed with restricting their food intake. They weigh themselves repeatedly throughout the day and only eat very small quantities of food. Some teens with anorexia nervosa exercise compulsively as well. They may spend hours working out in an effort to prevent weight gain. Teens with anorexia nervosa experience serious health problems, such as thinning bones, low blood pressure, and damage to the heart and brain. In severe cases, the consequences can be lethal. Bulimia Nervosa Teens with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating behavior. A teen may consume several days’ worth of food in one sitting. In an attempt to compensate for eating too much, they engage in destructive behavior such as forced vomiting or excessive laxative use. Teens with bulimia are likely to maintain an average or slightly above average weight. Similar to teens with anorexia, they’re likely to have a lot of concerns over their size. They may experience a lot of shame about their binging and purging and are likely to keep their behavior very secretive. The binge-purge cycle may occur several times a day or several times a week, depending on the severity. Symptoms of bulimia may include severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, decaying teeth, and gastrointestinal problems. Binge Eating Disorder Similar to bulimia, teens with binge eating disorder eat excessive amounts of food at one time, but they don’t purge or fast afterward. Most teens with binge eating disorders are overweight.   Teens who binge eat are at a higher risk of developing high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Many of them experience a lot of guilt and shame about their eating habits. They tend to keep their binge eating habits as secretive as possible. You may find large quantities of food missing or you may discover food hidden in your teens room. Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified If a teen’s eating habits or food-related behavior causes significant distress or impairment, yet doesn’t meet the criteria for another eating disorder, it may still be an eating disorder. Extreme food restrictions, excessive nighttime eating, and purging without bingeing are just a few examples of other eating disorders. How to Get Help for a Teen With an Eating Disorder Eating disorders are the most fatal of all mental health conditions. If you suspect your teen may have an eating disorder, seek immediate treatment. Talk to your teen’s physician about your concerns and discuss your treatment options. Treatment for an eating disorder may consist of individual therapy, family therapy, or even residential treatment. Treatment should be guided by a physician and mental health professional who address the psychological and physical health of a teen throughout the treatment process.

Dublin Fire Brigade Strategic Plan Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1943 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Dublin Fire Brigade, according to Knight, did not have a strategic plan and expresses difficulty in how any organisation with expenditure of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬118m could be fully effective without it. This finding was one of many in the strategic review of DFB at that time and was instigated by the Dublin City Council (DCC) on behalf of all 4 Dublin Local Authority funders of the service. These funders were and still are constantly seeking a reduction in their payment to DCC for fire service provision because of the reduction in Government Funding, and the poor uptake in the payment of the household charge. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dublin Fire Brigade Strategic Plan Business Essay" essay for you Create order 1.2 Strategic Initiative. The Knight report did not recommend areas to achieve cuts but set out a time frame to put in place a strategic plan for the future direction of the organisation. The new DFB Strategic Plan 2011 identified the East Regional Control Centre (ERCC) as a location where significant savings could be made without compromising quality and service provision. The ERCC is currently staffed by fire-fighter/paramedics who would be substituted with civilians on lower rates of pay and shorter, more productive night shifts. It was supposed to be a major area for cost savings (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬1.8m) and has backing from the Department for the Environment. (DOELG) 1.3 Implementation. Morgan et al (1995) suggests that it is one thing to formulate a strategic initiative and another to implement it successfully, and state public sector employees are not especially enthusiastic about change. (ibid p.169.) Many obstacles and hurdles exist and must be overcome including union resistance to open negotiations. Management decided none the less to forge ahead in the preparatory and behind the scenes work to advance this initiative and were ready to implement it unilaterally if union agreement was not forthcoming in early 2012. 2.0 Strategic Planning and the Public Service. 2.1 Public Interest. The DFB operates in the wider public service and has different forces operating on it. Analysis of public service strategy is more complex than the private sector. Lynch (2011, p.656) suggests that this is the main reason because of the wide ranging and ill-defined subject of the public interest. It does not exist to make a profit but to fulfill the role of providing emergency services, a role which it has successfully performed since its foundation. In the current economic climate this is not enough anymore, the job must be performed to the highest quality level at the minimum level of cost. In the words of Fitzsimons (2013), better, faster, cheaper. 2.2 Civilianisation. The ERCC having been identified as Pollitt and Bouckhaert (2000) describe as an area where greater efficiencies, higher levels of service and lower costs can be achieved by civilianising the workforce. Management believe that having a dedicated and trained civilianised workforce will deliver on these savings and competencies when compared with the more highly paid, essentially part time (performing fire-fighting and ambulance duties in rotation also), underutilised (not productive enough in down time) and over qualified fire-fighter/paramedics. These can be released to perform front line duties where they could be better utilised and are most needed at present due to lack of recruitment since 2008 and increased retirements up to Feb 2012. 3.0 Potential for industrial Action. 3.1 Service Quality. In 1988 the then Management of the DFB attempted to deliver on a strategic objective to which the unions had rightly viewed as adversely affecting the level and quality of service provided. During the last economic crises, in 1988, it reduced the numbers employed by introducing voluntary incentivised retirement this adversely affected on the service delivery. The unions objected, resulting in a strike lasting 42 days. They also view the current ERCC issue in terms of a diminution of service provided and are digging their heels in consequently. Conflict in relations is not necessarily a bad thing especially when Gunnigle et al. (2002, p. 311) attests that it can lead to positive changes in management practice. DCC/DFB management need to take cognisance of this fact and act accordingly. 3.2 Leadership. The strategic plan and its implementation are functions of senior management at this time. Middle management and supervisors working at the coalface have had little or no input into its formulation and therefore along with the workforce have no ownership of the process. McLoughlin and Wallis (2007, p.3) suggest that top-down policy leadership needs to be complemented by effective middle-out organizational leadership and taking cognisance of bottom up opinion. Autocratic style leadership in this instance can only lead the organisation on a bruising journey which will only damage the good name and high regard it is held in by the general public (96% overall satisfaction rate in DFB customer satisfaction survey 2007) 4.0 Innovation and Selection. 4.1 Technology. The fact that civilianisation can even be considered is down to developing technology, including information technology (IT). Fitzsimons (2013) maintains that technology push is the new knowledge created by technologists or scientists that pushes the innovation process. This process has effectively removed police, fire and ambulance service call takers from modern control centres worldwide with new and innovative solutions available to record and sort information and mobilise the correct appliance. This technology is installed in the ERCC currently but with one major omission, caller identification and location information automatically filling the call card but its implementation is now technically possible. The Management of the DFB will have to secure funding to implement this new information system (IS) to target this innovative IT to ensure civilianisation is a success. A strong business case will need to be provided by a technical expert to extract funding in this current eco nomic mess. Wall (2012) suggests that it is not about the IT its about how the IT changes the way we work for the better 4.2 Selection Process. The pool of applicants and the selection process will also have a bearing on success. Staff redeployment will be critical and as Gallagher (2009) suggest that it will be important in the execution of the strategy. These personnel are expected to be redeployed from the 4 Dublin Local Authorities but in the ERCC operations restructure document of (ODwyer, 2011), he has insisted on securing internal ownership of the selection process and deciding on the successful candidates. In the current economic situation with embargo on promotion in the public service and no prospect of advancement, it is expected that there will be a large number of capable and enthusiastic applicants for the vacancies. The successful staff can expect a 20% shift allowance with the prospect of promotion to supervisor for some and also the chance of filling technical vacancies as they arise for others. 5.0 Organisational Knowledge and Resilience. 5.1 Know How. Organisational knowledge is of paramount importance and the collective knowledge of those operating the ERCC is vital to its success. It is a core competency of the organisation and has been acquired by individuals, having been exposed to and learned from experience, over time at work. Johnson et al. (2008, p.107) maintains that it is the collective experience accumulated through systems, routines and activities of sharing across the organisation. Current staff will be needed to share this knowledge and their cooperation will be vital in the training of civilians. There has to be a gradual introduction of new personnel over an extended period of time and management will need full backing of existing staff to achieve this without compromising on quality of service provide or endangering members of the public due to mistakes. 5.2 Resilience. In the modern world, resilience has to be built into DFB operations and this most certainly includes the ERCC now and into the future. Resilience is defined in Collins Dictionary as recovering quickly and easily from shock and is central to strategic thinking in DFB and the responsible government department. It came to the fore following the 9/11 atrocity in New York, other large sale attacks and also following large scale natural disasters.   At present if the ERCC system fails, the fire-fighter/paramedic call takers and officer supervisors revert to a paper based recording and dispatch system. This along with their understanding of how the system works on the ground allows for a continued service however constrained. New entrants will not have this embedded competency and other avenues will have to be sought to provide resilience such as reciprocal agreements with other emergency control centres throughout Ireland. 6.0 Culture and Acceptance. 6.1 Organisational Culture. The strong cultural landscape of DFB has been forged over generations (founded in 1862) and as Thompson and Martin (2005, p.341) contend When the culture is strong, people know what is expected of them and they understand how to act and decide in particular circumstances. Management has a huge task in persuading the existing personnel to have faith and take the leap to allow civilianisation in the ERCC. Some will see it as the first step towards a revolutionary push towards increasing and eventually total privatisation of emergency services in the city. They could have a point, as demonstrated by Dà ºn Laoighaire/Rathdown County Council advertising for consultancy expertise to advice on privatising the fire service in its functional area. The in effect would lead to the breakup of DFB. 6.2 Acceptance as an Integral Part of the Organisation. Hill and Jones (2007) maintain that successful strategy implementation is managing organisational culture which is the specific collection of values and norms shared by people and groups in an organisation. The ERCC building forms part of the complex facility that is the Headquarters Fire Station and only electronic access doors separate them. All facilities such as personal lockers, showers and mess facilities are on the station side so integration of civilians and fire staff will have to be achieved if the ERCC is to operate from its present site. The ERCC management envisions a scenario whereby the new control centre staff and command structure is aligned and seamlessly fits in the existing operation. ODwyer (2011) insists that they wear the same uniform and will integrate and communicate with operational officers in a professional and respectful manner. The ERCC is and must always be maintained as a disciplined and controlled environment. Managements aim is to integrate the new personnel into the culture of the existing organisation so that in time they become part of the fabric of DFB. Is this possible? The author is of the opinion that this would only possible through effective leadership from senior management along with the adaptive culture of the organisation. Fitzsimons (2013). 7.0 Conclusion. The current economic climate is forcing change upon the DFB and the resultant strategic plan envisions and targets the civilianisation of the ERCC as a major focus for organisational savings for 2013. Strategic plans can be easy to design and formulate but their implementation can be problematic. This is most certainly true of the plan for the ERCC especially when considering the view point of the recognised unions, absolute refusal to engage in negotiations. Management has its work cut out to advance this project whilst bringing along the staff on the journey in the absence of union engagement and effective senior management leadership. DFB operational staff have taken the ultimate in industrial action before (1988 strike), in response to perceived safety issues. DCC/DFB management must act accordingly and quickly to make the business case for such change and justify its planned actions in terms of the measures it is willing to put in place to ensure that the new set up will be as efficient and successful as the one presently in place. To this end ERCC management has formulated a plan which puts in place strict criteria for selection, recruitment, training and competencies to be achieved by the new personnel. This is to guarantee that the quality and effectiveness of the facility will be maintained in the orderly changeover and in the future which will allay the fears of unions in these potentially stormy and changing times.

Poem Analysis - 836 Words

Experiments suggested that linearly increasing perturbation rate is more desirable over other introduced perturbation rates. It was proposed that some more perturbation rate varying schemes such as adaptive, chaotic, non-linear etc. will be explored and their performance will be examined in near future. To enhance the local search ability of spider monkeys in the original SMO, K. Gupta, et al., [30] propounded a Quadratic Approximation operator in her research â€Å"Improving the local search ability of spider monkey optimization algorithm using Quadratic Approximation for unconstrained optimization† in 2016. The QA operator works as follows – First of all, three distinct solutions A(a1, a2, ... , aD), B(b1, b2, †¦ , bD) and C(c1, c2, †¦ , cD)†¦show more content†¦Authors investigated that sometimes low fit members may contain some significant information and to avoid such loss, tournament selection based probability scheme was used in lieu of fitness proportionate probability scheme so that even the individuals with low fitness may get a chance to update their location. In 2017, A. Sharma, et al. [32] in â€Å"Power law-based local search in spider monkey optimization for lower order system modeling† suggested new search ability in Spider Monkey Optimization named Power law based local search (PLLS). In this, the step size is iteratively decreased to exploit and identify the search region in the periphery of the best candidate solution. Paper additionally recommended that by the incorporation of power law based local search strategy, exploitation capability can be enhanced. To check the competitiveness of the proposed strategy, different tests like Mann-Whitney U rank sum test, Boxplots, Acceleration Rate etc. were executed. To check the robustness of the strategy, it was applied to solve the lower order system modeling problems. The proposed PLSMO was applied on four higher order complex systems to get the respective lower order systems. The algorithm might be considered as a focused technique in investigating the parameters during system mo deling problems. As per No Free Lunch theorem, no specific algorithmShow MoreRelatedanalysis of poem1342 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ To analyze a poem stylistically, we can analyze the poetic device, which is usually deviation and foregrounding, that the poet used in the poem. The term foregrounding refers to an effect brought about in the reader by linguistic or other forms of deviation in the literary text (Leech, 1985).In poem, devices of foregrounding and deviation are always used to draw reader’s attention and impress the readers. In the aspect of deviation and foregrounding, there are some perspectives on the nature ofRead MorePoem Analysis : Langston Hughes Poem1258 Words   |  6 Pages Research Paper and Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Mother To Son† is a twenty line poem that seems to be from the perspective of a prudent mother that is giving her son, and possibly the readers, some helpful and supportive advice, telling them that, no matter how many adversities they may face, they can not give up. I believe that this is the main theme of the poem, perseverance. â€Å"So, boy, don’t you turn back./ Don’t you set down on the steps./ ‘Cause youRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The 1641 Words   |  7 PagesBeautiful. That is how I would describe her. Rayah Lou’ren Gibson was the absolute light of my life. She was born on Thursday, August 14th, 2008. She was not my biological daughter, but she was and always will be my baby girl—my little princess. I often called her my angel. She loved dancing and singing, she loved the movie Frozen, the song, â€Å"Do You Want To Build A Snowman?†, and her favorite color was purple. She loved her frien ds, especially Alina. â€Æ' She really loved grocery shopping with me forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem 896 Words   |  4 PagesThe Deformity The bright lights and unknown voices travelled around me. It surly wasn’t the first time I had experienced this, but it was the first time I could actually recognize what was going on. They tried to ease my nervousness with their soothing words, but being so anxious nothing could soothe me. It all started at birth. My deformity was nothing new to the medical world, but in my parent’s eyes it was something out of fiction. My feet were turned in like hockey sticks. In medical jargonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesQuiajah Freeman Professor Barberan English 29 October 2016 Recitatif If twentieth-century studies of Recitatif focus primarily on extremes—the white and black ends of the binary—instead of plumbing the depths of the murky space in between, twenty-first century scholarship on Recitatif better explicates how the story works on our preconceptions about race. For instance, referencing postmodernist understandings of race. (Philadelphia: Univ.of Penn. PressRead MoreThe Schoolboy Poem Analysis771 Words   |  4 PagesThe Schoolboy – Close critical analysis â€Å"The Schoolboy† is a poem about how education systems hinder youths from behaving naturally. For example, in this poem, the boy â€Å"love(s) to rise in a summer morn, When the birds sing on every tree†. However, he has â€Å"to go to school in a summer morn† and this â€Å"drives all (his) joy away†. Hence, from here we can see that societal norms destroy the innocence of youth as they repress their souls with so-called education. By doing so, the author is telling us toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Fish 1047 Words   |  5 PagesModernist Poetry Analysis February 25, 2015 â€Å"The Fish† Imagism is a style of poetry that employs free verse and the patterns and rhythms of common speech. The poet is free to write about whatever they want. The goal is to unify voice and image into a talking picture. Poets then have the power to make words into things. This then creates a picture for the reader. Marianne Moore is able to perfectly get her point across without directly stating it but making it clear enough. Moore’s poem â€Å"The Fish† usesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Beowulf 851 Words   |  4 Pagesoffers literary analysis of Beowulf, the oldest epic poem that has survived in English literature. It is also widely known as the earliest surviving piece of literatures in vernacular European Literature. The language of this poem is Old English, spoken by Saxon people. This poem depicts a traditional story that is a part of oral Germanic tradition. As per experts, this is work of a single poet and was composed in then England. It has been determined by the scholars that this poem was written betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Dead 1416 Words   |  6 Pages The Dead Muse: A Critical Analysis of The Raven Your Name Your University â€Æ' The Dead Muse: A Critical Analysis of The Raven The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe is a very famous poem which intricately weaves layer upon layer of meaning through singsong verses. Combining allusions to literature, mythology and religion, the poem tells many stories at once while evoking a feeling of nonsense and a descent into insanity. It is hard to understand what the poem is about—if anything at all, and Poe does notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Howl 1406 Words   |  6 PagesHistoric Analysis of ‘’ Howl ‘’ ‘’Howl’’ was a poem written by  Allen Ginsberg in 1956. For us to understand the poem it is necessary for us to understand the history behind the poem. ‘’ Howl ‘’ was published in 1956, right after the devastating World War II. After WWII that’s when the American dream was in full force throughout the whole world. Many Immigrants were trying to migrate to the US at that time for a better living. At the same time media was becoming big and powerful gaining trust from

Riluzole in the treatment of Lou Gehrig’s disease Free Essays

Introduction Lou Gehrig’s disease is often referred to as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), this is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons come from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the entire body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS would eventually leads to their death. We will write a custom essay sample on Riluzole in the treatment of Lou Gehrig’s disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is also lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, for this reason patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed (Choi, 1988). ALS is led to mean no muscle nourishment. When a muscle has no nourishment, it atrophies or wastes away hence the name. In addition to this, lateral shows the areas in a person’s spinal cord where part of the nerve cells that signal and control the muscles are located. As this area degenerates, it leads to scarring or hardening (sclerosis) in this particular region. As motor neurons degenerate, this obviously means they can no longer send impulses to the muscle fibers that otherwise normally result in muscle movement. Early symptoms of ALS often include increasing muscle weakness, especially involving the arms and legs, speech, swallowing or breathing. When muscles no longer receive the messages from the motor neurons that they require to function, the muscles begin to atrophy (become smaller). Limbs begin to look thinner as muscle tissue atrophies (Choi, 1988). Neurodegeneration is used mainly for diseases that are characterised by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. There are many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that occurs as a result of neurodegenerative processes in selective areas. Several molecular studies have been designed both in animal models and in humans to determine the physiopathology of the disease in order to develop new approaches for neurodegeneration. ALS is a neurological disease of unknown origin which is characterised by a selective degeneration and death of upper and lower motor neurons this progresses to paralysis and death over a period of time. ALS diagnosis is based on the El Escorial criteria carried out on mainly clinical and electrophysiological findings in four body regions. Also around 95% of ALS patients are sporadic whereas 5% are familial. In this particular group approximately 15% are caused by mutations in the SOD one gene that codes for the CuZn superoxide dismutase-1 (Bensimon, 1994). This is an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The symptoms and pathology of familial ALS patients with SOD1 mutations resemble those of patients with sporadic ALS. This suggests there are common mechanisms of neuron degeneration in both forms of the diseases. Several potential mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration in ALS have been projected. These include the involvement of environmental and genetic factors, autoimmune phenoma, increased oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity, viral infections, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal abnormalities. This means that each mechanism involvedin the pathogenesis of ALS may represent a possible thjerapeutic approach to counteract neurodegeneration. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neuro transmitter in the central nervous system which acts at both iono-tropic and metabotropic receptors, the primary ionotropic receptor classes being N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and (AMPA)/kainite. Extracellular glutamate levels are regulated by transporters, they have different transporter classes on neurons and on astrocytes, however most of the glutamate uptake appears to be mediated astrocytes. Excessive glutamate exposure is toxic to neurons which is most likely that is results from glutamate triggeredCa2+ entering the neurons. Also inhibitors of glutamate uptake can cause selective motor neuron damage in organotypic slice and in dissociated spinal cord culture models. This suggests that the increased extracellular glutamate concentration could add to motor neuron damage in ALS. Furthermore, observations of deficient glutamate transport capacity in affected regions of spinal cord and motor cortex show a likely reason for the rises in ex tracellular glutamate concentration. The only drug proven to slow the process of human ALS is the anti-excitotoxic compound Riluzole, which is an anti-convulsant and a neuro-protective agent and specifically blocks sodium channels in their inactivated states. This inhibits the release of glutamate by inactivating voltage dependent Na+ channels that are on the glutamatergic nerve terminals as well as activating a G-protein dependant signal transduction process, this slows down disease progression and in turn increases the patient’s survival rate. In addition to this Riluzole can also block some of the postsynaptic effects of glutamate, this is done by non-competitive inhibition at NMDA and AMPA receptors. For this reason a non competitive modulator of AMPA glutamate receptors has been used in clinical trials in ALS patients (Barbeito, 1996). Several studies showed that also the clearance of glutamate from neuromuscular synapases is slowed down in patients with ALS due to the loss of a glutamate transporter which is the excitatory amino acid transporter 2, this is of huge importance for synaptic glutamate re-uptake. A loss of high-affinity glutamate transport transport has been identified in specific brain regions and spinal cord of patients with ALS (Bensimon, 1996). From the above these results suggest that the defect in glutamate transport could be responsible for high elevations in extracellular glutamate. These results have supported the use of cephalosporins in ALS because of their antiexcitatory properties, this is done by increasing EAAT2 promoter activity. Also for human studiesthird generation ceftriaxone has been selected because of its superior CNS penetration and long half life. From this ceftriaxone observed a considerable improvement of antioxidant oxidative stress status in ALS patients after treatment. Riluzole treatment has been tested in trials which examine tracheostomy free survival rate, this included 974 riluzole treated patients. In respect to this the methodological quality of the experiment was acceptable and the trails were easily comparable. The results show that riluzole 100mg per day would provide benefits to the homogenous groups of patients with no evidence of heterogeneity. Also there was a 9% gain in the probability of surviving one year. Furthermore there was a small beneficial effect on both bulbar and limb functions but had no effect on muscle strength. Another significant effect which is represented in these results are a threefold increase in serum alanine transferase, this was more frequent in riluzole treated patients than the controls in the experiment (Wahl, 1997). In conclusion Riluzole 100mg daily is fairly safe and most likely prolongs median surbival by around two to three months in patients with amyotrophic lacteral sclerosis. However more research needs to be done to treat Lou Gehrigs disease such as different therapeutic strategies and oxidative stress in ALS can be looked at in further depths. References Barbeito, L. Estevez, A. and Stutzmann, J. Peluffo, H. (1996) Riluzole promotes motoneuron survival by stimulating neurotrophic activity produced by spinal astrocyte monolayers, J. Neurotrauma, 13: 629. Bensimon, G., Lacomblez, L., Meininger, V. (1994). A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral. sclerosis, New Engl. J. Med., 330 : 585–591. Choi, D. (1988). Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases to the nervous system. Neuron, 1: 523–634. Bensimon, G. Guillet, P. Lacomblez, L. Leigh, P. Meininger,V. (1996). Dose-ranging study of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet, 347: 1425–1431. Mary, V. Wahl, F. Stutzmann, M. (1995). Effect of riluzole on quinolinate-induced neuronal damage in rats: comparison with blockers of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Neurosci Lett. 201: 92–96. Wahl, F. Renou, E. Stutzmann, J. (1997). Riluzole reduces brain lesions and improves neurological function in rats after a traumatic brain injury. Brain Research, 756: 247–255. How to cite Riluzole in the treatment of Lou Gehrig’s disease, Essay examples

Ishmael And Queequegs Fast Friendship Is It True Essays

Ishmael and Queequegs Fast Friendship: Is it True? L.R.G. He seemed to take to me quite as naturally and unbiddenly as I to him; and when our smoke was over, he pressed his forehead against mine, clasped me round the waist, and said that henceforth we were married; meaning, in his country's phrase, that we were bosom friends; he would gladly die for me, if need should be. Whoa, didnt they just meet? Its an interesting phenomenon how Ishmael and Queequeg become bosom buddies so quickly. Is their friendship a true one or one formed for convenience? Upon arriving in New Bedford at the Spouter Inn, Ishmael discovers that he must share a bed with a cannibal and he is quite disturbed. He attempts to make a bed on a pine bench to save himself the horror of sleeping with an uncivilized savage. When this fails, he at last takes to the bed that he will share with Queequeg, the cannibal. When Queequeg returns to the Inn after a night of selling shrunken human heads on the streets of New Bedford, he discovers Ishmael sharing his bed. There is a slight skirmish but only because Ishmael is frightened by Queequegs tomahawk/pipe. It is settled quickly with the help of the Innkeeper and both men fall fast asleep. Ishmael awakes in the morning only to find Queequegs arm thrown over him in a most loving and affectionate manner. Later that day, upon returning from church, Ishmael finds Queequeg sitting alone in the parlor of the Spouter Inn. At first the two men remain silent and indifferent towards each other but soon, Ishmael begins a conversation and attempts to explain the purpose of a book to Queequeg who obviously cannot read. The two share a smoke from Queequegs tomahawk pipe and it is at this point that Queequeg declares his devotion to his friend Ishmael. From this point on, the two are inseparable. Forming a friendship of this caliber in less than 24 hours is a bit peculiar. Both men were social outcasts; Queequeg for more obvious reasons, with his filed teeth and tattooed body. It is likely that both men were desperately lonely and found in each other what they did not find in most other people, a fellow outsider. They get along very well despite their cultural, religious, and physical differences. Ishmael even attempts to further the bond between them by joining Queequeg in a worship of Yojo, a small black figurine for which Queequeg has great regard. Then, Queequeg, with the advice of Yojo, insists that the two sail together and that Ishmael choose the ship. Although Ishmael wanted Queequegs experienced opinion in choosing a ship, he chooses one alone so as not to let Queequeg down. The things that the men do for each other demonstrate that they have found a true friendship, not just a convenient one. If Ishmael had been using Queequeg only to find a suitable ship, he likely would have found some other source of knowledge and a new friend when Queequeg told him to choose the ship on his own. Queequeg surely would not have asked Ishmael to join him in worship or said that he would die for him if he did not respect him as a true friend. Despite the drastic differences between these two men, the quick friendship they form appears to be a true one.