ICT Organization Essay

1. Can ICTs be innovatively used in the absence of minimum literacy levels among the poor? Yes they can be used in the absence of minimum literacy levels among the poor. The ICT plays a big role in the rural areas and benefits the people that live there. ICT’s are used in the poor communities to empower and help the illiterate and people with less knowledge. Applications in agricultural and rural development have often been to provide direct access to market and weather information for the poor and also provides knowledge support to research and extension services. The radio for example enables farmers to acquire contemporary agricultural and environmental management techniques to receive daily market information to advertise their farm product and also learn business skills. A simple mobile is also proving to be an important factor facilitating the flow of remittances both international and national as it is the flow of goods and services within nations. 2. How can the same ICTs be used for multiple purposes? The mobile, radios and television are not just used for a single purpose they have so many different advantages and purposes that benefit the poor communities. There are two ways in which ICTs have been used when applied to development programs: †¢ICT driven †¢ICT support Management information systems for government in project implementation help to improve efficiency and effectiveness in delivering basic services. 3. What steps are needed to use, say the Internet for meeting the educational and health needs of poor female farmers in an isolated rural community? Education Education is the primary need for any problem that the poor community face. It is crucial in addressing issues of poverty, gender equality as well as health problems. It is not just i important in rural areas but in every corner of the earth. If people are educated then the world wouldn’t be facing so many problems and poverty as we see in today’s time. ICTs play a major role in Education because it enhances the access and maintains quality standards while ensuring the best use of resources for formal and non-formal  and teacher education. Buildings of schools, expansion of the education system as well as hiring teachers can be the first steps taken in addressing educational need. The internet for example can be used for research. They can learn so much from the internet without having to struggle so much. Being computer literate is very important in today’s time and it is so easy to access any information one might need. Health E-Health is the vital term that includes all aspects of ICT use in health care. This includes telemedicine, where medical advice or consultation I provided over long distances via satellite, broadband, radio, telephone or other communication technologies. This is the most common ICT in the health sector. This ICT application should be used in every community especially in rural areas as much as it can to improve the health conditions that exist there. The first step would be to use Telemedicine because it connects the patients in rural and poor areas to medical specialist in the city it can also be used to transmit clinical data from multiple sources to facilitate diagnosis and treatment. Poor Female farmers ICTs can help poor female farmers in educating them. ICTs offer opportunities for them to the outside world, home-based e-commerce opportunities and networking with other woman and forming support group online. Once woman have access to ICTs it is possible to empower them through innovative means. ICTs can facilitate woman’s participation in government and political affairs by providing a communication platform to exchange opinions to articulate and aggregate interest and engage with political leaders about woman’s issue. There are more barriers to woman’s employment then opportunities. Issues such as Gender domination, Lack of education, Affordability as well as the international English Language. In my opinion these four factors are the most important ones to address for poor female farmers. The first step is to educate them as well as the community about their rights to education as well as free life. The government should provide free education and all its resources so they may not need to face any kind of difficulty in buying something they cannot afford. It’s the responsibility of the government to provide the school, teachers, books and resources needed Secondly be thought the international English language.  Which becomes a barrier to most non English language speakers.

A Belief Essay

â€Å"I believe in God, the Father Almighty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  starts the famous Catholic prayer, the Apostle’s Creed. And this is how I will also start this paper. I am not a very religious person but I do believe in a Supreme Being, in God, in an invisible an invincible hand that has created everything there is in on earth. This belief of mine is probably one of the most difficult things to prove since no one has ever actually seen this God I am pertaining to. However, a lot of people share my belief and a proof of this is the many religions and religious sects all over the world.The world kneels down and prays. Most of us pray for ourselves, our families, our relatives, our neighbors, even for people we do not know, and even for our enemies. We say our graces before and after meals; we close our eyes and talk to God before we rest for the night; and we blurt out God’s name when we are caught up in extremely tough situations. Why do we do these things? It’s as if p rayers are our e-mails, text messages, or phone calls to the God we cannot see but can only feel.We believe that somebody out or up there actually will read through our messages and reply or someone will answer our calls to listen to our pleas and eventually grant our wishes and fulfill our dreams. Even for not-so-religious or not-so-spiritual people, a simple â€Å"Thank God! † or â€Å"Oh my God! † is already an indirect or subtle acknowledgment that indeed there is a God. But where is God? Is he a male? Is she a female? Who knows? What I know is that when I was a kid, my Mom would always warn me to be good because someone up there in heaven is watching over my actions.So I came to believe that God lives in the heavens, smiling every time I am obedient but frowning in times I am naughty. As I grew older, I knew about the church, the sacred place for worship. It is here where people honor and praise God. A united community gathers and celebrates God’s goodness. Prayers and songs of praise fill the air in glorifying God’s name. But still, no physical being comes down from heaven to join in the holy celebration. Now that I am much wiser, I am told that I can find God in my fellowmen – in my so-called brothers and sisters.God can actually be anyone from my Dad, to the cab driver, to my teacher, to a beggar, to a waiter, to whomever who does good deeds. God can be in disguise, in nameless faces, in unfamiliar places, in unexpected circumstances. Wherever happiness and goodness exist, God definitely exists. The Bible, which has existed since time immemorial, is a living proof of God’s divine existence. Just like us today, the earliest people have felt God’s presence in their lives. However, just like us as well, they only knew God as the creator, the Supreme Being, the higher one.Nobody knew God’s ways – how he/she looks, how he/she speaks, his/her mannerisms or hobbies, what have you. Except probably for films and TV shows that portray God either as an old man in a white shining robe or just plain white light, speaking in a mellow commanding voice, we know nothing of his/her true nature. What we know are the marvelous wondrous things God has done for us. I believe God knows what is best for each one of us that’s why we call him/her the great provider who gives us only the things – material or non-material, which we truly need.God is the hand that showers us with blessings. God is the light that guides every step or endeavor we take. God is the teacher who teaches us valuable lessons to learn in life. God is the kind heart that forgives all our shortcomings. God is the perfect epitome of how we should all live our lives. In my life, I always adhere to â€Å"To see is to believe. † But in the case of believing in God, not everything I do not see is unbelievable. I believe in God and will continue to do so. Why? Just simply call it faith.

The Fukushina Disaster Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Fukushina Disaster - Research Paper Example The disaster happened in Japan which has one of the worlds most sophisticated nuclear engineers, technicians and scientist and despite this expertise, the disaster still happened. My gut is nagging me that if this could happen in Japan with all that expertise about Nuclear Power, it could be worst elsewhere in the world. I really would like to know because the coverage last year was limited where employees and the company involved (TEPCO) did not publicly talked about what really happened inside the plant that left many questions unanswered. The assignment and the video provided an excellent opportunity for me to satisfy that curiosity. Perhaps the essense of the video is best encapsulated by Fukushim Daichi’s nuclear engineer â€Å"that they could not imagine that a nuclear plant would lose all its power† in the same manner that they did not expect that a nuclear power plant could be vulnerable to tsunami. But it did anyway and their options became restricted. The tsun ami that hit the Fukushima Daichi plant was twice high its tsunami walls and so it flooded the plant. In effect, it destroyed the generators that were located in the basement who were supposed to provide power to cool the nuclear reactor when the regular power shut down due to the earthquake. In sum, everything that happened in Fukushima that led to the disaster was unexpected; from the tsunami that got twice as high their protective walls (TEPCO was warned by government commissioned scientists in 2009 that their protective walls were inaduate from tsunami) to the breaking down of the generators that were supposed to cool down the reactor. In the end, they were left The account was dramatic and very engaging because the information that were presented were not from secondary sources. The people behind the documentary can be lauded because it was able to interview the people who manually vent out the radiation. It also included the Prime Minister who provided candid answers to the qu estions. Also, the documentary was able to present the ugly dilemma that the Prime Minister had to decide on, to give permission to release or vent radiation in the atmosphere. Everybody knew that the vent out has to be done to ease the pressure in the nuclear containment to avoid explosion that will have a far more damaging effect that could last up to decades. Only that the Prime Minister has to decide and even has to go to the plant himself to give the order when he suspected that the executives of TEPCO were hiding the truth from him. It is an ugly decision that he has to make but he has to because the safety, health and future of his country is at stake. Still, even when the nuclear pressure was released, plant 1 of the Nakaigichi plant still exploded which sent chills to everybody’s spine (plant 3 also exploded laer). The relief only came when the containment was still intact that the explosion was caused by a hydrogen leak and not from a nuclear meltdown. The drama and dilemma that the video has more than adequately presented led me to think about the option of using nuclear plant as a source of energy. It led me to think about many things that is connected not only with the plant, but also on the various sources of energy, on how can we limit our dependency to

American Perspective on Racism MexicanLatin American Studies Program Essay

American Perspective on Racism MexicanLatin American Studies Program - Essay Example On the contrary, ethnicity and nationalism have grown in political importance in the world, particularly since the Second World War. The United States has a long history of racism and racial discrimination. For centuries conflicts have taken place between the Whites, blacks, Mexicans and the Asians. Race hatred often leads to the violence. The people guilty of race discrimination often form extremist groups to defend their country from minority takeover, and ultimately increase the tension and hatred between the two races. Many surveys have been conducted to study the nature and intensity of Racism in American culture. According to General Social Survey, conducted in 1990, 40 to 56 percent of the whites were of the view that Hispanic and Blacks are prone to violence and prefer to live off welfare (Steeh and Schuman, 1992). The minority of Hispanics includes Mexicans, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, or other Hispanic heritage. They are consists of more than 500 tribes with almost entirely different cultural heritage, traditions, languages and ancestry. The 2000 census showed that the Hispanics are the Americas largest minority. According to the Times magazine 58 percent of this minority is of the Mexican origin. The majority of Mexican Americans are most prominent in the areas, which were formerly the part of the Mexico, i.e. Southern California and Texas. The largest of Mexican Americans community was located around the Los Angles in Southern California, El Paso in Far West Texas, and the metropolitan areas of the South Texas. The Mexican American, just like the other minorities of the United States, reside in the non-economically viable ethnic enclaves: isolated, and other forms of ethnic discrimination. Mexicans are a mixed race, most of them are white having Spanish ancestry, but almost half of them are not white. They are mestizos. It has been observed that among the Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants, mestizos are in the worst condition (Gamio, 1971). According to the Auditors of Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Mexican Americans and especially the non-white Mexican Americans experience discrimination in the housing market from realtors and lending institutions. The auditors have also found out that the Mexican Americans faced discrimination due to their skin color and not due to their Mexican accent. Most of the Mexican Americans are the offspring of the Mexicans who voluntarily migrated to United States in the 20th Century. Hence it is the duty of the community, to which they have migrated, to assist them in adapting and absorbing them to American Society, but they were then busy in a war and colonization. This had fundamental consequences for the ability of these enclaves to provide resources to the generations of Mexican Americans. Hence, although many people thought that the increasing immigrations of Mexicans into the United States is a Mexican problem, it is actually an American problem.

Antiseptics ( 70%, 91% Isopropyl and Iodine) on Ecoli growth Lab Report

Antiseptics ( 70%, 91% Isopropyl and Iodine) on Ecoli growth - Lab Report Example The E coli bacteria are among the most significant bacteria in the human digestive system. However, E coli bacteria have a number of genera that cause human diseases such as Shigella, Salmonella, and Yersinia (Todar 1). Physiological research has indicated that e coli bacterium is versatile and its habitat characteristics enable a perfect adaptation of the bacteria. E coli grow despite the presence or absence of oxygen and the wild type has no growth factor necessities. E coli respond to various environmental signals such as surrounding temperature, pH of the medium, chemicals, and other environmental factors because of the characteristics that make it a unicellular organism. E coli bacteria have multifaceted mechanisms, which they use to detect the presence of chemical in their environment such as antibiotics and antiseptics making it possible to synthesize enzymes to metabolize the chemical compounds leading to increased resistance of the bacteria to antiseptics. What is the effect of 70% concentration of isopropyl rubbing alcohol and 90 % concentration of iodine on Escherichia coli (E coli) growth? The experiment seeks to find the environment that best suits the growth of E coli bacteria and the reaction of the bacteria towards different concentrations of disinfectants. In addition, there are hypothesis that the experiment to test, which include the null and alternative hypothesis. In the quest to investigate the effect of concentration on the growth of E coli, if the percentage of the chemicals is increased, that is, the percentage of isopropyl alcohol and iodine is increased from 70% to 90% leads to a slight decrease in the growth rate of the E coli bacteria Medics have applied a wide range of products and methods used to treat, avoid, and control E coli bacteria. The use of chemicals such as antiseptics (isopropyl rubbing alcohol and iodine) has

Network Effects and Path Dependence Research Paper - 2

Network Effects and Path Dependence - Research Paper Example Network effect or direct-benefit effect is considered to be a vital part of economics and business. It is a kind of effect which determines that for certain sorts of decisions, an individual would incur an explicit benefit when he/she aligns their behaviour with the behaviour of other individuals. In this context, it is determined that the value of a product is directly dependent on the number of users using it (Kemper 67-84). Path dependence can be stated as a substitute analytical process for economics which is acknowledged to be a radical change of the neo-classical standards. It is a process of economic allocation where the arrangement of allocating determinates such as technology, factor, endowment, preference and institution not only depend on certain fundamentals but also depend on a particular contingent event. Instead of converting into an identified determinant, the process has undergone a number of potential equilibrium and selects it on the basis of the specific history o f the process. It is worth mentioning that a positive feedback from the agents also helps in increasing the impact related to specific early selections and further actions that are to be done accordingly (1Liebowitz and Margolis, â€Å"Path Dependence, Lock-In, and History†; Perkins 1-8). However, numerous questions have been raised by a number of critics in order to derive an understanding regarding the conditions based on which an allocation path depends. The answer to this question can be provided by focusing on two issues which include the structure of the explicit network that helps in identifying the interdependency of the agent’s choice. Secondly, the characteristics of the rapidly emerging technological changes are also viewed to have an impact on the features of the different potential equilibrium and the permanence of â€Å"lock-in† to a specific path of allocation. In this context, David’s (1985) view can also be highlighted wherein he stated that the homomorphism of path dependency mainly depends on technology, institutions, organizations and other vital aspects.  Ã‚  

GOAL SETTING AND MCCLELLAND'S THEORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GOAL SETTING AND MCCLELLAND'S THEORY - Essay Example Goal setting can be a powerful method for motivating members in an organization under right conditions. Researchers have shown that the best performance that an organization can ever have is when goals are specific and challenging, and when they are used in performance evaluation. Additionally, goals can be linked to feedback on results an aspect that help to create commitment and acceptance at the workplace It is very important for managers to focus on satisfying employee needs since; this is significantly associated with academic achievement, criminal convictions, drug abuse, marital satisfaction, and performance at the work place. Managers are advised to motivate their employees by formulating programs that target at meeting emerging needs among workers. Researchers have proved that individuals provided with specific goals which are difficult but attainable mostly perform better than those allocated easy, nonspecific, or no goals at all. The need for power in an individual reflects their desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve. This kind of people with a high need for power, tend to work very hard and uphold high standards of discipline and self-respect. This need has both its advantages or the positive side and the negative side which can be referred as the shortcomings. The negative entails the â€Å"if I win, you lose† mentality which is a bad mentality among human beings in a community (Kreitner & Kanicki, 2012). On the other hand, people with a positive mentality on power usually concentrate on achieving group goals and helping other employees in an organization. Therefore, McClelland in his theory proposes that top managers in an organization should possess a high need for power coupled with a low need for affiliation. The theory indicates that people with a high need for achievement tend to

Day of Compassion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Day of Compassion - Essay Example This made me conclude that although instinct makes us avoid it, "suffering" can be worthwhile if there is a good reason for it, like writing this paper. Why do I have to spend a few minutes writing this essay instead of hanging out with friends Why do I have to spend a day of compassion The answers came quickly: I want to learn more about others and about myself, because this world, although it's beautiful, can get pretty nasty, and if I don't learn about suffering from others, I may not know how to cope with it. I matured a bit that night. I made a simple plan for the next day: look for the homeless guy and give him a gift, spend some time to cheer up Annie whose aunt passed away two weeks ago, listen to Jerry as he usually whines about his problems (I think I have more serious problems, but I resolved to listen and find a way to sympathize with him), and be more sensitive and caring when I meet people having a bad day. I never did this before, so I was partly excited and partly afraid. The next day, I woke up with a terrible headache! I wanted to postpone my plan, but I decided against it, because I realized that if did not tell anyone about how I felt, this could be good for me.

Organic food Essay Example for Free

Organic food Essay We have all heard the phrase â€Å"What you don’t know won’t hurt you† and it has undoubtedly applied to many situations in our lives that we are still unaware of. We like to toss around this phrase without worrying too much about what it implies because that is the whole point of the phrase, not to worry. When it comes to what we are putting into our bodies, though, what we do not know can indeed hurt us immensely. In the United States, we have grown accustomed to not thinking much about what we are consuming. The main factors we look for in food are taste and price. We live in a consumer society where money rules our nation, it rules our lives, and it rules us. Money has become the main focus for every decision we make, but when it comes to something as important as our health, should we look at a few other factors? With societies concerns focusing on wealth and profit, there is no surprise that the food industry finds the cheapest ways to produce the most food. Consequently, this produces many negative effects on aspects of our lives such as our health and the environment. When choosing what foods to consume, we should begin to pay more attention to factors other than the price tag. The food industry obviously plays a big role in this epidemic of processed food, but they are not the only ones to blame. Yes they are the ones taking advantage of our ignorance by mass-producing cheap food that they know we will not think twice about, but the ignorance is our fault. Author of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan, describes the current foundation of the food industry, â€Å"Our food system depends on consumers’ not knowing much about it beyond the price disclosed by the checkout scanner. Cheapness and ignorance are mutually reinforcing† (Pollan 245). Pollan is correct in his assumption that most Americans do not know much about their food besides how much it cost. Most of them are not even aware that they do not know what is in their food. They subconsciously assume that chicken is chicken and cheese is cheese, but unfortunately that is hardly ever the case. Many people choose to live along these guidelines of â€Å"ignorance is bliss† by not paying attention to the horror stories of the food industry; they turn their heads from documentaries on animal treatment and plug their ears at the mention of the real ingredients of their precious snacks. As long as the food they are eating tastes good and did not cost a lot of money, they are content with not knowing how unhealthy it might be. Pollan further explains another reason people buy the cheapest available food: It makes good economic sense that people with limited money to spend on food would spend it on the cheapest calories they can find, especially when the cheapest calories—fats and sugars—are precisely the ones offering the biggest neurobiological rewards. (Pollan 108) People with lower incomes are confined to buying cheap food, typically the most processed and unhealthy food, because with their limited funds they cannot afford to care about the quality of what they are eating. They buy what is cheapest because that is all they can get. As long as they have food in their stomachs, they do not complain or worry too much about the side affects. Eating food that may not be very healthy definitely outweighs the alternative of eating nothing and starving. Americans are ignorant of the food that they purchase either because they choose not to educate themselves or because they really have no choice. Either way, they are missing out on other possibilities of obtaining food that have many advantages. Not knowing what our food is made of also prevents us from knowing what alternative food options are available to us. Because we see no problems with our current food choices, we see no reason to discover new ones. The processed food at the supermarket is all we know because it is the most convenient and affordable from of nourishment we can obtain. Pollan’s book includes the testimony of someone who buys food from a local, organic farmer, â€Å"†¦for me it’s all about the taste, which is just so different—this is a chickinier chicken. Art’s chickens just taste cleaner, like the chicken I remember when I was a kid† (Pollan 252). The food available from local farmers is not only better for our health and the environment but it also tastes better. We have grown accustomed to the artificially flavored food we buy from grocery stores and do not realize that the food we eat could taste better and more natural. The locally grown food tastes healthier and more natural because that is precisely what it is. The artificially engineered taste of chicken in a common chicken nugget is not what a chicken should taste like. Besides enhanced taste, buying from local farmers offers many other benefits as well. An organic farmer interviewed in The Omnivore’s Dilemma explains some more benefits of buying locally, With our food all of the costs are figured into the price. Society is not bearing the cost of water pollution, of antibiotic resistance, of food-borne illnesses, of crop subsidies, of subsidized oil and water—of all the hidden costs to the environment and the taxpayer that make cheap food seem cheap. (Pollan 243) One of the main reasons why people do not want to look into these alternative methods of eating is because they are more expensive. People overlook these opportunities because the organic food appears overpriced, but when you evaluate all these factors it might not be as overpriced as you might think. Yes the food is more expensive but it stands true that you get what you pay for. When paying more, you are receiving a whole lot more that benefits your health, community, and environment. The extra money that would be spent on food, you might save on your medical bills and taxes. Locally produced food is healthier for you and it carries a much less chance of containing disease and illness. Another bonus of buying from local farms: there is less pollution created than in the factories and slaughterhouses of the globalized food industry. If people became aware of alternative food options and the benefits associated with them, they would be more inclined to pay better attention to what they are buying. This would not only improve ones personal health, but also the environment. Although money remains a very important role in deciding what we purchase, it would benefit us to consider a few other aspects of the food that we buy. Paying attention to details such as what goes into the food, where it is produced, and how it is produced would lead us to make healthier decisions. More often than not, a satisfying answer to these questions will not be found in the food at our local supermarkets, but rather a local farmer. Buying from these farmers would mean supporting a healthy environment and body. Their production methods are healthier and much more environmentally friendly than any factories in a big-name food industry. While it may seem that this is a simple choice, many Americans will continue to ignore these truths. When it comes down to it, money rules everything and it will take a lot more than the promise of better health for people to overlook a price tag. They say ignorance is bliss, but when that ignorance leads to decisions that contaminate our bodies and our environment, the bliss will be short lived.

British Arguments During the Revolutionary War Essay Example for Free

British Arguments During the Revolutionary War Essay The colonists are good for one thing: complaining. They cry like babies for what just a few cents on their sugar and stamps, when in reality we were HELPING THEM. We made these taxes to defray for the defense of the colonies and to supply the troops. All they do is whine, whine, whine. They go on all day like fools with that idiot saying†¦ â€Å"No taxation without Representation.† 1764-Sugar Act 1765- Stamp Act Little Brats Somehow these peasants have made us look like the villains in the tragic event they call the â€Å"Boston Massacre. † Hey that is one way to put it, but truly they are the ones to be blamed in this whole bloody mess. The idiots started it by harassing some of our own sovereign soldiers, they even through snowballs at our soldiers. How rude?!? Oh well, they simply don’t have class. Sure, a few of the peasants died but it was simply self-defense. 1770- Boston Massacre Cavemen The Peasants have yet again come up with some crazy antics that even top off their outrageous behavior so far. This time they burned down one of our schooners- The Gaspee to be specific. Yes, that is right they burned down a ship. How grotesque? Idiots! Better yet, cavemen! They have no taste act like villagers. They even accused one of our finest commanders who was the captain of the ship- Lt. William Dudingston of being unjust and corrupt. Lies, lies, lies! 1772- The Burning of The Gaspee A Truly Intolerable Act Wait for this one, it is truly mind-blowing. Believe it or not, the peasants dressed up as Mohawks Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. This is a new low even for them. They are real idiots, wasting all that tea. How extremely insensitive of them? There are many people in this world that could have made a use of that tea. On the bright side, we punished them thoroughly.

Diabetes in African American Population in South Carolina

Diabetes in African American Population in South Carolina Abstract Diabetes is a serious disease, which often leads to complications, such as blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, and amputations. High blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels are frequent. Diabetes has an immense impact on public health and medical care. In South Carolina medical costs rise with increased duration of the disease, and lifespan is shortened by 5-10 years in most patients. In 2011, diabetes affected 25.8 million people in the United States with 7 million undiagnosed cases (CDC, 2011). In terms of racial and ethnic disparity, the outlook becomes more dismal, as racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected and are more likely to have complications than their White counterparts, especially when they are unable to access the health care system for management and care (Lavery, et.al., 1999). Approximately 450,000 South Carolinians are affected by diabetes, many of who were still undiagnosed in 2010. One of every five patients in a South Carolina hospital has diabetes, and one in every ten visits to a South Carolina emergency room is diabetes related. The total charges for diabetes and diabetes-related hospitalizations and emergency room visits were over $4.2 billion in 2010. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in South Carolina, directly or indirectly claiming more than 3,000 lives each year, and the fifth leading cause of death in African Americans, claiming about 1,200 African American lives each year. Most diabetes deaths occur in persons over age 60. Minorities, predominantly African Americans, experienced a substantially higher death rate and more years of potential life lost than Whites. The racial disparity in mortality has widened over the past 10 years. The racial disparity is narrowing in diabetes prevalence, primarily, because the prevalence in the White population is increasing. Suitable Agency and Funding The SC DHEC Division of Diabetes Prevention and Control has been funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Diabetes Translation since 1994. In addition, in July 1994, the South Carolina Legislature established the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina (DSC), with a Diabetes Center of Excellence at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and a governing Board, and three active councils. DSC works closely with DHEC’s Diabetes Division via its Board of Directors and Surveillance and Outreach Councils, committees, and task forces. A Ten Year Strategic Plan was implemented by DSC in 1998 and evaluated in 2009, and the results are reported in the SC Medical Journal (Myers, 2011). Results from successive Burden of Diabetes in South Carolina reports have been used to monitor progress of the strategic plan. The South Carolina Division of Diabetes Prevention and Control is housed and managed within the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control’s (DHEC) Bureau of Community Health and Chronic Disease Prevention. Through partnerships and related community and statewide interventions, the SC Diabetes Division overarching goals and objectives are to: Prevent complications, disabilities, and burden associated with diabetes; and Eliminate health disparities; The division plans to accomplish this through: uniformed diabetes guidelines of care endorsed in the state; diabetes guidelines of care incorporated into clinical outcomes; and Increasing the percent of people living with diabetes receiving standards of care. The division’s target populations are the disparate populations within our state, which include African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos as well as the elderly. The top issue is to ensure that all people with diabetes receive the recommended diabetes standards of care from their healthcare providers to support self-management, particularly in rural health settings as well as to increase resources for improved diabetes management in South Carolina. Since a primary mission of the division has been to ensure a coordinated approach to diabetes prevention and control efforts, the division has established linkages and collaborated with key agencies and organizations across the state to access to evidence-based information and expertise to ensure we are doing all we can to reduce the burden of diabetes in our state. The DHEC Diabetes Division partnered with the REACH US: SEA-CEED Program (Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health) and the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina (DSC) to develop a state-wide diabetes advisory council, which worked together to develop state-wide guidelines for diabetes care and are currently working together to produce the next state-wide diabetes strategic plan. The Diabetes Division is designing a multi-year plan tailored for the characteristics of South Carolina Federally Qualified Health Centers. The goal of this initiative is to sustain health systems that support good chronic care management for people living with chronic diseases, through the institutionalization of quality improvement (QI) in clinics across the state. By reaching this goal, the Diabetes Division and key partners uphold the philosophy that creating an environmental change in the health care system that makes the delivery of high quality chronic disease care the â€Å"easy choice† for health care providers. This change in the environment will be reflected in chronic disease indicators. Improvements in such indicators will result in a reduction in complications, burden, and disability of diabetes and other chronic diseases. By way of expanding and widening linkages, the division will continue to collaborate with other internal and external programs and agencies such as. DHEC’s Bureau of Community Health and Chronic Disease Prevention, regional public health offices, and Office of Minority Health. Conclusion Approximately 2,500-3,000 South Carolinians die from diabetes every year, including deaths from diabetes as the underlying cause and deaths where diabetes was a contributing cause. Diabetes-related mortality has decreased by 28% in the overall population, and by 40% in African American females in 10 years. The majority (82%) of deaths from diabetes occurred among people aged 60 and older. Race-sex specific mortality tracked closely with the patterns of diabetes-related risk factors and morbidity. Minorities, predominantly African Americans, experienced a substantially higher death rate, and greater years of potential life lost, approximately three times that of the White population. Culturally appropriate, innovative communication and education programs are needed to reduce the tremendous burden in this population. Meanwhile, increasing awareness, access to care, and diabetes management are critical for people with diabetes. Increasing resources for diabetes control in South Carolina , particularly rural health settings, and targeting high-risk populations are objectives of the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina and the DHEC Division of Diabetes Prevention Strategic Plan. References American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. (2012). Diabetes Care, 35 (Suppl. 1), S11-S63. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2011). REACH U.S. Risk Factor Survey, Year 3 Data Report for Medical University of South Carolina, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Myers, P., Heidri, K., Bowen, S., Jenkins, C., Gaffney, T., Massing, M., Lackland, D. (2010). An Evaluation of the First Ten Years of the Diabetes Imitative of South Carolina. The Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association, 106(2), 84-88.

Judicial Retirement - A Supreme Idea? Essay -- U.S. Justice System

Supreme Court Justice Anthony McLeod Kennedy (born July 23, 1936) recently turned 75. Justice Kennedy is considered the â€Å"swing vote† on the current Supreme Court. He recently told acquaintances that he does not plan on leaving the Court any time soon (DeFrank). We tend to hold justices in high esteem; that they are superior in knowledge, wisdom, and fairness but, the truth is, they have faults and imperfections just like the rest of us. Our Constitution allows our justices to sit on the Court for life, termed as â€Å"good behaviour† (â€Å"U. S. Constitution†). Justice Kennedy appears to be in good mental and physical health, but it has not always been so with every justice. At what point does one become too old? Is it time to entertain an amendment to the Constitution that addresses this issue, or would testing and education resolve this point in question? In the past, justices have been mostly shielded from the public eye so, for the most part, illnesses and mental decrepitude went unnoticed. Today, with the ability for extensive media coverage, it has become difficult for justices to hide the conditions of their health. Justices’ ages and mental competence are not just recent considerations. Moreover, the solutions to some of the problems that have arisen have not always been the most excellent. One method for avoiding a debilitated Court would be to pass a Constitutional Amendment. It would take an amendment to impose a mandatory retirement age since the Constitution assures the justices life tenure to secure their judicial independence. This new amendment would propose to phase out older justices in an effort to be the most beneficial to the public for which they are meant to serve. Mark Levin writes in the pr... ...("Oyez") Lazarus, Edward. "The Problem of Supreme Court Justices' Remaining on the Bench Too Long: Although It's a Genuine Concern, Recently-Suggested Reforms Are More Problematic Than the Status Quo." FindLaw. Thomson Reuters, 14 Apr 2009. Web. 19 Apr 2012. . Levin, Mark R. Men in Black: How the Supreme Court is Destroying America. Washington, DC: Regency Publishing, Inc., 2005. Print. Toobin, Jeffrey. The Nine, Inside The Secret World Of The Supreme Court. New York: Anchor, 2008. Print. "U.S. Constitution." U.S. Constitution. Law Revision Counsel of the U.S. House of Represen, 2004. Web. 15 Mar 2012. . Lewis, John G. Personal Interview. 25 Mar 2012. Payton, John. Personal Interview. 18 Apr 2012.

Delegation :: Business, Empowering Delegation

Managers can empower workers by delegating to them. â€Å"Delegation involves the assignment of work to other people, and it is an activity inherently associated with all managerial positions† (Whitten & Cameron, 2007, p. 467). Effective management can be attained through delegation. Therefore, a manager must decide when to delegate. Advantages and the Potential Outcome of Delegation Learning to delegate effectively is fundamental to managers’ success in the workplace. A competent delegator can empower others maximizing the organization effectiveness and efficiency. Whitten and Cameron (2007) identifies the following advantages of delegation: time, development, trust, commitment, information, efficiency, and coordination (p.467). Time Delegation can improve managers’ ability to get things done. Delegation increases the discretionary time of the manager† by freeing up some time (Whitten & Cameron, 2007, p. 467). A manager schedule can be extremely hectic and the pressure can be overwhelming due to demands. Managers can increase their time to focusing on other task that is highly prioritized and require the manager complete attention through delegation. Not being prepared and never meeting deadline are qualities that can injure ones reputation, for the manager can be viewed as less efficient and effective in management. Through delegation, the manager can squeeze more out of the day. Development Delegation can increase workers effectiveness. It allows delegates to â€Å"develop knowledge and capabilities† (Whitten & Cameron, 2007, p. 467). Through delegation, workers can be challenged and this can encourage them to develop their capabilities. They can naturally develop knew knowledge and the necessary skills to cope when they are challenged with tasks that are outside of their basic job duties. By encouraging such development, it can prepare employees for future assignments and promotions. Not only does delegation benefits the employee receiving the new task, but it also benefits the manager and the organization too by enhancing effectiveness. Trust Delegation can help managers build a positive relationship with staff. It is a way of showing employees they are respected, for delegation â€Å"demonstrate trust and confidence in delegates† (Whitten & Cameron, 2007, p. 467). Delegation can empower employees, for when the managers seek assistance with a task it shows that the manager believes in them; the manager is confident that that the employee can complete the task successful. Through trust, the manager can empower an employee to bring drive and initiative in the work. According to Whitten and Cameron (2007), individuals who felt trusted by t heir managers were significantly more effective than those who did not feel that way (p.

Tragic Hero

Arthur Pendragon; Fit For A King? Arthur was crowned king not only at a young age but also completely unexpectedly. Arthur did not ask to be king, he was still a child and did not feel he was worthy of such a position. Arthur’s lack of confidence and trust in himself defines him as a king and his ability to rule. Arthur’s dependency on others proves to be King Arthur’s tragic flaw. As a child Arthur was brought up as Sir Kay, his foster brother’s, Squire. He grew up serving to others demands, it was never necessary for him to make his own decisions. Arthur just did what he was told and tried to please Sir Kay.This flaw first appears in the book The Sword and the Circle, Sir Kay tried to take credit for pulling the sword out of the stone when in reality Arthur had been the one to retrieve it. Sir Kay took all the glory and was going to allow him to be unjustly crowned. Arthur did not speak up or question Kay’s story; He did not receive the credit he deserved until Sir Kay admitted to not being the one to have relinquished the sword. Even after Arthur was appointed king he did not make decisions on his own. He had Merlin by his side to help him. When Merlin left King Arthur to rule on his own Arthur did not know what to do.He was left in a state of uncertainty and fell into what seemed like depression. Also In the book The Sword and the Circle, Arthur discovers the love affair between Lancelot and his wife, Guinevere, and punishes them both but Lancelot ends up rescuing Guinevere. Sir Lancelot asks for King Arthur’s forgiveness and as much as Arthur would like to Gawain will not allow him to accept the apology. Later Sir Mordred and Sir Gawain convince Arthur to go to war against Lancelot. This leads to the splitting of the Knights of the Round Table and the battle between Sir Mordred and King Arthur, which eventually lead to King Arthur’s death.If Arthur had stood by his decision and was not so easily convinced by Gawain the battle could have been avoided and Arthur could have changed the course of his and his kingdom’s fate. On many other accounts King Arthur’s decisions depended on the influence of others, this being one of his tragic flaws can be held accountable for the downfall of King Arthur and his Kingdom. Although technically Arthur was born to be king he did not possess the attributes to be one. He had to compensate in other ways to make up for his weakness, but overall this personality fluke immobilizes Arthur from becoming the great king he had the potential to be. Tragic Hero * Macbeth as a tragic hero: Discuss In Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth who is the main character is a tragic hero that suffers from Hamartia which is ambition in Macbeth’s character and that leads him to his downfall, A tragic hero character according to Aristotle must be moral, have virtues and suffers from Hamartia which is a flaw in character that eventually leads to his defeat and downfall at the end of the play. Macbeth is a great person who was a brave warrior in addition a great leader who won several wars for his king as the dramatist shows him in the first pages of the play.Macbeth is great physically and morally, in one hand his physical skills achieved in the battle scenes as the dramatist shows him as a brave warrior who always achieve victory to his country besides he was called ‘’ Brave Macbeth’’ and ‘’ Belladonna’s bride groom’’, in the other hand Duncan his king well-likes, trusts and respects him because of his moral greatness and kindness and that’s what makes his wife Lady Macbeth affirmed that he is morally great when she says ‘’ he is the too full of the milk of human kinds’’.Ambition is the tragic flaw / Hamartia of Macbeth which leads to his defeat; he was affected by the prophecies of the three witches. However the first prophecy of the three witches fulfilled and that Macbeth will be the Thane of Cawdor this was the first step for Macbeth to be ambition to the idea of becoming a king.Here begins the evil side of Macbeth to show as he changes from being a noble man to evil one, he has virtues and morals at the beginning of the play and he was honourable man who was respected and admired by his king and then he became an evil man who want to do anything just to take the crown for himself and be the king instead of Duncan, this clarify that he is aware of what he has done and he committed the tragic mistake opened eyed.In a ddition his wife Lady Macbeth was very interested in becoming a Queen so she starts to encourages and convinces him to decide upon a solution which can makes them be a King and Queen, she succeed in convincing him that his fate is to be the king, which made him kill the king Duncan, that shows the character of Lady Macbeth as a very ambition woman who was determine that Macbeth must be the king. After Macbeth committed the first crime of killing the kind Duncan Macbeth’s character begin to overthrow and he starts to become upset from the idea that he become a murderer and he begin to say that all he water in the world cannot wash Duncan blood of his hands, this shows that he starts to realize the guilt that has been done by him and the crime affected him that he starts to imagine Duncan’s murder scene over and over which shows the reversal of his character and that he didn’t care about the consequences of the crime at the beginning but now he realize what heâ₠¬â„¢s done was terrible, besides after he killed Banquo half of him wishes that he had never done the murders and the other half tells him that he already committed the crimes and he cannot go back and what’s done cannot be undone.

Same-Sex Parenting Explorartory

English 2000 18 March 2013 Is Same-Sex Parenting just as Effective as Conventional Parenting? Marriage equality is currently one of the latest civil rights issues; along with marriage equality, same-sex parenting is a controversial topic that has yet to die down. There are usually two views taken on the topic of gay parenting: it’s wrong and should be illegal or it’s normal and should be legal. Gay parenting and marriage has become publicly accepted by some and prohibited by others and the average family has developed into many different forms in the last few years.The majority of society believes that child being raised by a single parent is equivalent to same-sex parents. Studies show that children with two moms or two dads grow up just as well as children with heterosexual parents. Opponents of same-sex parenting believe that just as marriage should remain traditional, parenting should also be specifically between a man and a woman, while proponents believe that DNA does not make a parent. The main issue that needs to be resolved today is if same-sex parenting is just as effective as conventional parenting throughout families.Both sides of the debate have their reasons for their beliefs that need to be explored. An argument of opponents is that same-sex relationships are infamously short-lived and will create an unstable family. By allowing same-sex couples to become parents we are ignoring what is best for children; growing up with a mother and a father. There have been many different studies conducted to get the true background of children being raised by gay parents. Mark Regnerus, Associate Professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, conducted a study on young adults raised within different family arrangements.While sexual orientation or parent sexual behavior has nothing to do with the ability to be an effective parent, his data suggests that it may affect a child’s life experiences. His study reveals that â€Å"ch ildren appear most apt to succeed well as adults—on multiple counts and across a variety of domains—when they spend their entire childhood with their married mother and father, and especially when the parents remain married to the present day† (Regnerus). There are a great number of people who believe that much of the research on same-sex parenting is flawed. This stakeholder usually has a neutral stance on the issue. Judges and lawmakers have relied on a growing body of research on same-sex parenting to make decisions in cases and legislation regarding custody battles and adoption† (Homosexual Parenting). In today’s society, one must need scientific data and research on an issue to decide how it should properly be resolved. Many researchers are aware of this concept and the data usually leads to coincide with the researchers beliefs. Rabbi Daniel Lapin, the President of the conservative public advocacy group Toward Tradition, states that â€Å"flaw ed science is not new, right now it’s swirling around the controversial area of sexuality† (qtd.In Homosexual Parenting). Those who support that gay parenting studies are flawed believe that same-sex parenting is an issue that is based on beliefs, not scientific research. The majority of opposing views are influenced by religious motives. According to the Laws of Nature and Nature’s God, marriage exists for three purposes: companionship, sexual intimacy, and procreation (Fischer). Marriage is viewed as a religious ritual and is established for the purpose of procreation and since same-sex couples cannot conceive children, they should neither get married nor become parents.Those who disagree with same-sex parenting/same-sex marriage tend to be against homosexuality. There is fear in conservative society that being raised by homosexual parents not gives children the fair chance to live a heterosexual life. Bryan Fischer, a conservative radio host and the Director o f issues Analysis for the American Family Association, same-sex parenting and adoption are a form of child abuse. In his article, he includes many scientific researches, including sociologist Mark Regenerus, which confirms same-sex relationships are unstable for children.He believes that while single parent families are an â€Å"unfortunate social tragedy† adopting children into same-sex environments is inexcusably and deliberately creating households with a missing mother or father (Fischer). Professionals trust that fathers contribute necessary ingredients to parenting that mothers cannot provide, and mothers contribute something to the nurture of children that fathers cannot provide (Fischer). The main reason people support same-sex parenting is because they support same-sex marriage.Supporters believe that homosexuals desire an equal chance versus heterosexuals at civil rights. The documentary Fatherhood Dreams follows four gay men who are fathers and shows the incentive that drives gay men to become dads. Julia Ivanoa, the Russian director, depicts the untraditional families as better alternatives than divorce and neglect towards children’s growing experience. Same-sex couples create more opportunities for other families who cannot support their children to find a better home with devoted parents.Convetional parenting, the â€Å"mom and dad† traditional way of parenting, is at an all-time low. Divorce and non-marital birth rates increase drastically every year. The quality of a marriage is proven to be a key factor in a child’s well-being. While research clearly indicates that children benefit from growing up with both biological parents in a low-conflict marriage, there has been very little rigorous research on how to promote and sustain healthy marriages. (Moore, Jekielek, and Emig). There are many sides to the same-sex parenting controversy, and all arguments give reasons to justify their beliefs.Opponents of gay parenting s upport traditional family arrangements between a man and a woman. Not only do they believe the importance of religion is in dang they also fear that allowing children to be raised by same-sex couples will jeopardize their chances of having a stable life in the future. Those who support gay parenting believe that homosexuals desire the right to marry and raise children freely. Everyone has their own different views regarding this issue and is subject to change; however, homosexuals are not going to stop being parents.This raises the question; are we going to continue to fight same-sex parenting? Works Citied â€Å"Homosexual Parenting Studies Are Flawed, Report Says | Fox News. † Fox News. FOX News Network, 18 July 2001. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Fatherhood Dreams. Dir. Julia Ivanoa. Interfilm Productions, 2007. Film. Fischer, Bryan. â€Å"Bryan Fischer: Same-sex Parenting Is Bad for Kids, Period. † Bryan Fischer: Same-sex Parenting Is Bad for Kids, Period. American Family Ass ociation, 14 June 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Moore, Kristin, Anderson, Susan M. Jekielek, and Carol Emig. Marriage from a Child's Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children, and What Can We Do about It? † Child Trends. Child Trends, June 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Prager, Dennis. â€Å"Same-sex Marriage: Good for Gays, Bad for Children. † WorldNet Daily. WND Commentary, 4 May 2004. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Regnerus, Mark. â€Å"How Different Are The Adult Children Of Parents Who Have Same-Sex Relationships? Findings From The New Family Structures Study. † Social Science Research 41. (n. d. ): 752-770. ScienceDirect. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.

Response to Toni Morrison’s Home Essay

Toni Morrison’s use of language throughout the novel gives her writing a sense of wit; it is easily understood by the reader, and acts as a subtle hint into the minds and emotions of the characters. Her use of innuendo speaks to a sexual theme, a common tension found among the main characters of the story. The final passage of Chapter 4 depicts a dialogue between Cee, and Sarah, sharing a ripened melon on a hot afternoon. The language used in this passage juxtaposes sexual vocabulary with the ruthlessness of Dr. Beau, as well as foreshadowing Cee’s abuse. Additionally, in the passage Morrison reflects upon Prince’s manipulation of Cee’s naivety. This passage represents Cee’s inability to form a healthy relationship with a male character. Portrayed as a â€Å"female melon,† Cee is â€Å"soft† in the hands of her former husband, and employer. Her vulnerability leads to her reconnection with Frank, relating to the overall idea of relation ships throughout the novel. The strength of the relationship between Cee and Frank drives this reconnection, which fuels the plot. The only form of love Cee feels is found platonically, through the genuine relationship with her brother, Frank. The language used to portray Cee as a ripened melon in the passage alludes to her helplessness. After Frank had deployed, a young Cee attempts to form a relationship with a visitor from Atlanta named Prince. The unique name of this character is not assigned at random; Cee’s naà ¯ve perception of Prince identifies him as an almost fairytale-like figure. She became impressed with his experience of places outside of Lotus, and with his conviction. He eventually â€Å"rescues† Cee from Lotus, and brings her to the city with seemingly little convincing necessary. Cee becomes under the impression that Prince is â€Å"too good for her,† and for these reasons, she is willing to tolerate â€Å"the great thing people warned about or giggled about,† despite her lack of interest (Morrison 48). She is, in fact, â€Å"[a]lways the sweetest,† a phrase Morrison employs which may refer to her willingness, and trust in others; this is a sign of adolescence. Cee†™s lack of experience with male melons led to her obedience towards Prince. It only took Prince’s word to convince Cee that she was pretty, a woman, and old enough to get married. Not long after moving into the city did Cee realize Prince’s true intentions. Cee’s first relationship was nothing more than an overplayed scheme to gain an automobile. She had been used. Sarah and Cee mention that one â€Å"[c] an’t beat the girl for flavor,† and â€Å"[c] an’t beat her for sugar† (66). Prince understands this concept. Morrison uses the word â€Å"beat† to relay the message that nothing can compare to the qualities of a woman; however, in juxtaposing the melon with Cee, the word â€Å"beat† refers to abuse. Prince understands that in order to carry out his true intentions, he cannot be malicious to Cee. He must win her trust with kindness. He cannot â€Å"beat† her for her flavor (body) or her sugar (car). Cee blindly trusted her first relationship and was manipulated, which commences her trend of abusive relationships with men, other than her brother. The last sentence of the passage is the most graphic, and the language used gives the reader a sensation of Cee’s traumatic incidents with Dr. Beau. Morrison foreshadows Cee’s fate as her language in this last sentence provokes thoughts of sexual abuse in the reader’s mind. The â€Å"sliding† of the knife from the drawer and the reference of â€Å"intense anticipation of the pleasure to come,† indicates Dr. Beau’s experimentation on Cee, and his twisted enjoyment of abusing the girl (66). For a moment, Morrison becomes less subtle with her warning to the reader and explicitly mentions how Sarah (and Dr. Beau) â€Å"cut the girl in two.† Cee, much like a ripened melon, is soft and almost defenseless. Her relationship with men in the novel is consistently abusive; Prince and Dr. Beau have both taken advantage of her adolescent innocence. When Dr. Beau would perform his â€Å"examinations,† Cee would wake in pain, and often times s ee blood; however, she would attribute her symptoms to menstrual problems (122). Once again, Cee had trusted a man, and was hurt, physically in this case, for doing so. Her relationship with her brother is made stronger through the malicious relationships she forms with other men. Frank was a constant source of platonic love, one of the only men in the novel whom she is able to trust. The concept of family and relationships is a key theme throughout Home. The plot is driven by the strength of Cee and Frank’s relationship, and the platonic love between them. Cee’s susceptibility to other male characters is captured in her comparison to ripened honeydew; however, Frank masks Cee’s frailty and is able to protect her. After Frank liberates Cee, within weeks her health improved dramatically. After her traumatic events, Frank noticed â€Å"how healthy she looked— glowing skin, back straight, not hunched in discomfort† (126). From a young age, Frank was able to protect Cee, and their connection provides the foundation for the novel. It was only the strength of their relationship that could convince Frank to travel back to Lotus. In reminiscing about when he enlisted, Frank states that â€Å"[o]nly my sister in trouble could force me to even think about going in that direction† (84). Frank is the only male in the novel who truly cares for Cee, and their relationship is the only honest bond Cee has with a male. The scene of Sarah sharing a ripened melon with Cee on a hot Sunday afternoon gives the reader a deeper look into Cee’s characterization. The language Morrison uses, and her association of Cee with the melon, alludes to Cee’s vulnerability throughout the novel. In her attempt to form a healthy, non-abusive relationship, Cee finds herself being manipulated and physically abused. As a young girl, her adolescence was taken advantage of by her former husband who leaves her and takes her vehicle. When Cee becomes employed, she finds herself in the hands of Dr. Beau, who physically abuses an anesthetized Cee. Ycidra can only find love platonically in her brother, which relates to the overall theme of relationships in the novel. The final passage of chapter 4 graphically foreshadows and reflects on these events through Morrison’s use of subtle innuendos and language.

Forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults Essay

Describe forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults (P1) Abuse, defined by the department of health is described as â€Å"a violation of an individual’s human and civil rights by any other person or persons† and those most at risk are described as ‘vulnerable adults’. A vulnerable adult would be someone who is unable to defend themselves or understand what is going on due to having cognitive or physical disabilities, frail older adults, substance abusers and more. There 9 main types of abuse that may be experience by adults and these are physical, sexual, psychological, financial, neglect, institutional, discrimination, self-harm and domestic violence. Physical abuse can be described as any physical contact but it depends on the force used, the nature of the contact and the intention behind the action. People who may physically abuse vulnerable adults are care workers within a nursing home who get frustrated and lose their temper because a service user is being difficult or is acting in retaliation. Physical abuse can include hitting, punching, kicking, pinching and slapping which are all the sorts of actions involved in bullying. Care workers may use these actions as form of retaliation from a confused service user hitting them, however this unacceptable. An example/scenario of physical abuse would be: Nigel refuses to be washed by the care worker despite the workers best efforts and out of frustration from the worker trying to wash him he tips the bowl of water all over the floor with some of the water hitting the worker. The worker loses her temper and hits Nigel to try and teach him a lesson not to do that next time. Signs of physical abuse to look out for are unexplained bruising, burns, abrasions or fractures which seem suspicious or have not been reported in an accident report form. Sexual abuse can be described as anything from inappropriate touching to rape. It is inappropriate and in some cases illegal for a professional to engage in a sexual relationship with someone in their care. People who may sexually abuse can include family and friends if the adult is in domiciliary care An example/scenario of sexual abuse would be: Sally is an adult with a learning disability which causes her brain age to be younger than her physical age. A care worker at the day centre she attends  tells her that he is going to marry her and asks him to perform sexual acts on him. Due to her limited understanding of the situation she may do what the care worker asks thinking they are going to get married but due to her learning difficulties she is unable to understand that a) she is being taken advantage of and b) unable to give her full consent. Signs of sexual abuse to look out for are any genital or anal infections, difficulty with walking or sitting as well as bruising on the inner thighs or hips or any of these signs along with bruising to the wrists or arms where force has been used to detain an individual. Neglect can be described as a failure to provide proper care and attention to an individual and can sometimes be self-imposed due to mental health problems. This would be done is they are unable to motivate themselves and therefore have poor hygiene levels. An example/scenario of neglect would be: An elderly man named Michael lives alone in his home after having a stroke and is cared for by his 23 year old son due to having limited mobility. Michael’s son has spent the weekend away partying with friends and hasn’t arranged another person to check in on him and prepare meals or give him his medication. This means that he has gone without hot meals and has had to eat sandwiches or crisps pre made in the fridge as well as not take any medication he requires. This would be neglect as a form of abuse. Signs of neglect to look out for are neglected bedsores, malnutrition, medication left in the Dosette box and a lack of clean clothing. Financial abuse is an illegal or improper use of an elder’s assets and can also be referred to as exploitation. Financial abuse is often done by family members or friends as well as domiciliary care staff. It is does happen but is least common in a nursing home as service users do not have their assets in the nursing home. An example or scenario of financial abuse would be: Laura an elderly lady has a care worker come over to her home 3 times a day to check that she is washed, dressed and fed etc. Laura leaves her purse in the bowl in the hallway which she has always done for years and is now a habit. She notices that she doesn’t have as much money in their as she thought she did and worries that she is becoming forgetful when in fact one of her carers is helping themselves to her money without Laura realising.  Other forms of financial abuse can include cashing cheques without permission of the account holder, taking money or property and coercing or deceiving the adult into signing legal documents that sign over their assets. Signs of financial abuse to look out for are a lack of bank statements, missing assets or property and be cautious if the carer has a substance habit.

Broad Classification Of Work Motivational Theories Commerce Essay

Broad Classification Of Work Motivational Theories Commerce Essay The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized. They are concerned with types of incentives that drive people to attain need fulfillment. The Maslow hierarchy theory, Fredrick Herzberg’s two factor theory and Alderfer’s ERG needs theory fall in this category. Although such a content approach has logic, is easy to understand, and can be readily translated in practice, the research evidence points out limitations. There is very little research support for these models’ theoretical basic and predictability. The trade off for simplicity sacrifices true understanding of the complexity of work motivation. On the positive side, however, the content models have given emphasis to important content factors that were largely ignored by human relationists. In addition the Alderfer’s ERG needs theory allows more flexibility and Herzberg’s two-factor theory is useful as an explanation for job satisfaction and as a point of departure for job design. The process theories are concerned with the cognitive antecedents that go into motivation and with the way they are related to one another. The theories given by Vroom, Porter and Lawler, equity theory and attribution theory fall in this category. These theories provide a much sounder explanation of work motivations. The expectancy model of Vroom and the extensions and the refinements provided by Porter and Lawler help explain the important cognitive variables and how they relate to one another in the process of work motivation. The Porter Lawler model also gives specific attention to the important relationship between performance and satisfaction. A growing research literature is somewhat supportive of these expectancy models, but conceptual and methodological problems remain. Unlike the content models, these expectancy models are relativ ely complex and difficult to translate into actual practice. They have also failed to meet the goals of prediction and control Motivation Theory 1 – Adam’s Equity Theory of Work Motivation The theory explains that a major input into job performance and satisfaction is the degree of equity or inequity that people perceive in work situations. Adam depicts a specific process of how this motivation occurs. Inequality occurs when a person perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to inputs and the ratio of a relevant other’s outcomes to inputs are unequal. Our Outcomes Other’s Outcomes = Inequity (over-rewarded) Our Inputs Other’s Inputs Both the inputs and the outputs of the person and the other are based upon the person’s perceptions, which are affected by age, sex, education, social status, organizational position, qualifications, and how hard the person works, etc. Outcomes consist primarily of rewards such as pay, status, promotion, a nd intrinsic interest in the job. Equity sensitivity is the ratio based upon the person’s perception of what the person is giving (inputs) and receiving (outcomes) versus the ratio of what the relevant is giving and receiving. This cognition may or may not be the same as someone else’s observation of the ratios or the same as the actual situation.

Drug Courts Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug Courts - Research Proposal Example A recent research done in 1999 by College on Problems of Drug Dependence reported that, drug courts are continually providing a highly recommendable and effective control over substance-abusing offenders criminology and substance use, through court jurisdiction (p.1118). This research reported that, the rate of recidivism raged between 4% -29% for the graduates from drug court program, as compared to 48% of the substance--abusers who do not go through the drug court program. The ultimate plan of drug courts is to assist drug-using offenders to recover from drug dependency, change morally, and become a responsible citizen, who is keen enough to avoid criminal acts. The court is not focused on the punishment of the criminal offenders. Successful accomplishment of the drug court's treatment is the noble mission of the drug courts, which culminates to the dismissal of the drug charge, shortening of the sentence period, or suspension of the charge (Hennessy, & Nathaniel, 2001, p.117). On the other hand, Mental health can be defined as the situation whereby a person is affected psychologically and hence either having a level of cognitive or emotional depression. In most of the cases, mental health usually leads to inability of a person to get a balance between life activities and psychological resilience therefore being unable to enjoy life due to mental disorder/abnormality. According to the world health organization (WHO), they defined mental health as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. (Calhoun, C. 2002, pg 23). On the other hand, mental illness can be defined as a the state whereby a person is mentally sick and hence this are usually medical conditions which do disrupt a person's thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others, and daily functioning (Calhoun, C. 2002, pg 2 3). Mental illness is just a form of illness which affects the brains of a person just like the way the pancreas is affected by disorder of diabetes. Due to the fact that mental health cases are usually culturally subjected, I believe there is a need of engaging traditional healers and practitioners in treatment of this disorders since in most of the occasion, the disorders are caused by some form of traditional beliefs or some spiritual belief and hence by including all the different professionals in this field will have some impacts on the methodology applied during treatment (Babbie, E. 2003, pg 40). Abstract: This research topic is about the outcomes of the special criminal courts application of diversionary programs on the victims of drug use and those faced with mental health and mental illness (American Psychological Association, 1995, p.185). most of the courts which deals with drugs and mental health have been used as treatment

Social movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social movement - Essay Example Still, I actively participated in the rallies and protests. Being a part of a crowd striving for a common cause made things easier for me. A: As I have already told you, at the start the aim of the movement appeared to be mostly about Mexican American pride and identity. Yes, largely these ideals constituted the backbone of the movement. However, as I attended the protests, rallies and meetings, my understanding of the aims of the movement evolved over time. I realized that our angst and struggle was not only about disrespect and humiliation, but against a more powerful social, political and economic agenda that not only failed to extend to the Mexican Americans there rights as a citizen, but also deprived them of a worthy place in the American social, economic and political life. This movement was encouraged not by some sort of an uneducated, raw and gross anger, but a realization stimulated by the rising number of educated young people in the Mexican America community. We were no more willing to be a source of cheap labor, when the educated and qualified amongst us were no less then the educated Anglos or Blacks. We wanted access to health, education, political representation, economic justice, if not more then at least equal to the one available to any average American. Yes, the movement was as much about food, clothing and shelter as about pride, power and just wages. Note: Social movements certainly enhance the participants and followers understanding about the nature and goals of the movement. The movement educates the adherents, and educated followers strengthen the movement. A: There were many sweet and bitter things about the movement. Being a part of a group in which individuals shared same aspirations, hopes and aims provided me with a sense of identity and belonging. I always harbored a sense of being lost. However, once I became a part of

CHARITY FUNCTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CHARITY FUNCTIONS - Essay Example This gap between government remedies and social ills has long been a concern of organizational theorists in who examine corporate social responsibility, as well as humanitarians who work towards social change through establishing or donating to charities (Weisbord 2004). Although the general public consensus is that charities make a strong contribution to the social good, growing bodies of theorists and researchers have argued that the only function that charities can ever perform is that of relieving the symptoms without treating the disease (Rydenfelt 1983). In effect, charities merely salve people's conscience while maintaining the status quo. Within the world of finance such charity functions have emerged as firms or individual investors have placed funds into trusts with the intention that their donation is making a significant real world contribution to social progress. This essay explores this equity trust relationship through an examination of the extent that charities can tr uly be understood to make significant real world contributions, and argues that many of the current charitable organizations must structurally rethink their approach to humanitarian aid. When examining the extent that charities contribute to social progress one of the essential considerations is the establishment of a working understanding of the charity concept. In the United States, charities are clearly defined as non-profit organizations (NPO) that have philanthropic interests that directly contribute to the public good (Marion 2004). While the United Kingdom has a similar understanding as the United States, rather than defining the charitable organizations as the non-profit organizational label they are distinguished by the Charities Act. Originally established in 1993 the Charities Act has undergone a number of considerable amendments over the last two decades (Kihn 2012). The Charities Act 1993 was established by the Parliament of the United Kingdom as a means of altering the regulatory framework around which charities act (‘Charities Act, 2006’). The main provisions established in this act are the definition of the requirements to become a charity and the establishment of a Charity Tribunal to hear appeals from decisions of the Charity Commissions. Subsequent changes to this act, with the most recent 2011 act making alterations to the requirements for registering charities (Kihn 2012). These notions are significant as they establish the important elements of the United Kingdom’s charity trust system. Even as there are considerable amounts of charities that fall under the auspices of the United Kingdom’s Charities Act, a number of researchers have criticized these institutions for lack of true understanding of social change. Additionally, there are a number of laws that these charities benefit from. This is significant as it indicates that to a degree they fall under the auspices of government funding. Hudson (2009) indicates that the law grants charitable trusts in the United Kingdom exemption from most taxes, and the trustees have freedom from legal action. Although this research has found no direct link between the tax exemption and charitable inefficiencies, it seems highly possible that this policy has allowed a system to emerge where the government is actually subsidizing ineffectiveness. Each case is specific, yet there has emerged an overarching argument against these institutions. This argument contends that these equity funds simply stave off the immediate problem, yet fail to target the long-term solution. Metaphorically this

What do I owe my neighbor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What do I owe my neighbor - Essay Example This article was posted in The New York Times, Sunday Review by Susan Straight. It provides an illustration of a story of a Surrogate, an American by nationality. The basic purpose of the article is to address the issues of surrogates while going through the nine months of pregnancy just to give birth to child, have a glance and deliver it to its owners. Not only this at times the people paying for such work also buy the mother milk and to deliver that milk going through miles of distances. The main subject is thus the surrogate. The sole purpose for doing such a laborious job is to simply earn for the family’s bread and butter. The author has utilized persona by masking the names of people discussed in the article and mentioning the initials of their names in order to be effective in the presentation without showing their actual names. Among the various analogies used by the author one is â€Å"SOMETIMES life is like a fun-house mirror, the glass and then the real thing† (Susan). The purpose of the article can be explained as to provide information regarding serial surrogacy and the reasons why it’s been adopted as a job by unemployed women. It throws light on the economic discrepancies between the both sides i.e. those paying for the child and the one going through the process for the sake of earning money. The audience of the article is general public as well as people related with issue. The life of a woman is complex and is rendered sympathetically. The authoritative testimony utilized by the author is the birth of Mitt Romney’s grandson by the same method. Moreover the number of embryos implanted is also an issue as people craving for a specific gendered child pay a lot for its sake. But the process may involve the implantation of multiple embryos to ensure that at least one of them is delivered safely and those paying may not

Global virtual sales team Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global virtual sales team - Research Paper Example They are functioning to better comprehend the competencies that defines their global leadership strengths. Another challenge lies in the numerous strategies they are implementing. They are unsure which strategy would lead to successful outcomes in attempts to form global teams. Thus, it is a trial and error practice (Virtual teams, 2). The final challenge revolves around the issue of getting those in remote areas engaged. Most remote areas cannot enable the installation of technologies that global team’s use. Hence, people in the grassroots are constantly being left behind regarding virtual team recruitment and training. Accurate information from the rural areas has been rendered useless because it cannot be presented to the top management. The ultimate result is that investors besides some stakeholders cannot access the information. Recruitment and training of virtual teams can be done using online advertisement. One can be recruited when he or she clicks on the website. Ther eafter; they are trained on how to use virtual tools like teleconferencing or video tapes. With each member of the virtual team being in a position to use virtual tools, they can easily be managed by logging in and participation during virtual meetings. Enhancement in information technology eases data to easily avail in virtual teams. This step made it easy to train and educates virtual teams. For example, software for analytical presentation has made it easy for data to be easily availed (Sarah, 1). The software allows data to be presented instantly by using either the web or an intranet. This software also allows complex analyses to be calculated. This software is very useful during recruitment and training of people within the virtual team. Sales in virtual teams are achieved by the use of telemarketing. With a sales team that is effective, evaluating sales is made much easy. This is because the teams have experience on how to manage data related to sales despite their geographic al location. This is done with constant links with the top managers. When to hold virtual meetings among virtual team is an open issue. This is because it depends on the team characteristics. This includes the nature of sales and so on. Virtual meetings can be held at least once a month. However, if there is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed; the frequency increases... This is because there are a lot of uncertainties in the business environment which should be addressed as they arise (Marian, 2). Teleconferencing is one way in which virtual meetings can be held. Teleconferencing offers many advantages. One of them is that people participate regardless where one is. This means that travel expenses are not incurred. With efficient planning, virtual meetings have turned to be successful. The use of video feeds to conduct virtual meetings is also useful. All these methods of virtual meetings need a proper plan to ensure that all succeeds. The same skills that are used in non vi rtual meetings are applicable in virtual meetings. This also demonstrates that conducting virtual meetings is such a simple task. The first and most important step when leading a virtual team is to adequately equip them with the desired tools and skills. Thereafter, building interaction among the team members would be necessary. The rights skills are useful in creating balance between the social skills and technology interface... As a

Different types of port ownership and administrative regimes Essay

Different types of port ownership and administrative regimes - Essay Example (CMAISB†¦ 1999, p. 7) These facts underscore the importance of the port ownership in an overall national interest of a state. This paper will outline and explore the various types of port ownership and administrative regimes. Specifically, this will examine four regimes, namely; state, autonomous, private and municipal port administrations. With this objective, a better understanding of various port management structures will be achieved as both the advantages and disadvantages of the four regimes will also be outlined. Company-owned: these ports are subject to the full freedoms and discipline of the commercial marketplace. They are free to seek commercial funding for investment, on commercial terms, borrowing on their assets. They are obliged to account for their performance. They are expected to generate dividends and to increase shareholder value over time. To the extent that they generate retained profits, they have wide discretion over how to invest them. (p. 27) Trust Ports: Trust ports are independent statutory bodies. They have independent boards and trustees charged with acting in the interests of al stakeholders. Any surpluses are ploughed back into improving facilities. (p. 27) Municipal ports: These are ports that are municipally owned. Local authorities operate these facilities for the benefit of the local community, town or city. The function of these ports may be commercial in nature. Company-owned ports can be considered as private ports along with the privatised ones. The main feature that distinguishes these facilities from state or municipal ports regimes is the freedom accorded in their operations. To a certain degree, autonomous ports resemble these private port administrations except that they may differ in the stakeholders involved. For example, autonomous ports may be owned by the government but that they could either be operated commercially or run privately. The port of Holyhead in

The Rusty Time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Rusty Time - Essay Example His father was getting more and more concerned, because Michael wasn’t the sociable little boy he used to be. As if he closed himself from the whole world, even him, his own father. No matter what he did, what he offered, Michael would bleakly, yet determinedly thank him, then refuse. He went downstairs and clicked on the big screen on the wall of the kitchen. A computerized voice greeted him facelessly, and asked what he would like to have for breakfast. He chose eggs and toast. The buzzing of machines wasn’t as loud as it was before they installed the newest Cook-O-Master. He thought to himself that his wife would have loved not having to cook anymore, but just indulge in her painting and taking care of Michael and him. He sighed and took the freshly prepared breakfast tray that the table produced before him. Michael stopped crying, but the sadness was all too visible in his demeanor. He went downstairs and joined his father at the table. He wanted no breakfast. †Å"Please, dad†¦ can we try it? Just once, I believe it is possible,† Michael started. â€Å"Mike, we’ve already had this discussion. You are putting me in an awful situation having to say no over and over again. I told you, even if we did try the procedure, it is questionable whether it would work. You know that the machine transports only live matter,† his father spoke calmly, feeling tired and heartbroken having to discuss a painful thing again. â€Å"I read somewhere that new additions are made to the machine and that they managed to transport some parts of clothing†¦ Dad, we can try, we have money now, I know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Michael,† his father’s voice was getting louder and more resolute, â€Å"You know it is impossible to transport money through time†¦ and you know†¦ I feel it’s my fault that we couldn’t afford to pay for your mother’s operation†¦ We could have saved her life†¦ If onlyà ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  He buried his face into his hands and went silent. Michael felt bad and hugged his father soothingly. â€Å"Dad†¦ dad†¦ it’s not your fault†¦ you couldn’t have known we would win the lottery†¦ we had no money†¦ it was†¦ it wasn’t your fault, dad, it wasn’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It was, Mike, it was†¦ I am the provider, at least†¦ I was supposed to be, and I couldn’t provide your mother with the treatment†¦ it is my fault... my fault†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No, dad†¦ listen, we can try, I read†¦ I read somewhere†¦ let’s try, we have money, we can afford it now. You can go, and pay†¦ pay everything they ask†¦ just bring mom back, please, dad, please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Michael was crying in his father’s arms. His father was crushed by the weight of his guilt. He didn’t want to raise their hopes up, only for them to be shattered like glass. It would be like losing her again. And he wasn’t strong enough to go through that pain again. Not again. But, looking at his son, he felt stronger. Maybe, he thought to himself, maybe it is possible. If I make a few phone calls, maybe someone does know something. Having made several phone calls, he turned to Michael, who was looking at him with puppy dog eyes. â€Å"Alright, son, they said that they did manage to transport several pieces of cloth to the past. And, they said they are willing to give it a try, provided we pay them enough†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Michael jumped into his father’s arms. â€Å"But, Mike, Mike†¦ Promise me that you won’

Evaluating the Research Process Essay Example for Free

Evaluating the Research Process Essay Remote communities face several challenges concerning health care. For instance, communication with health care professionals, transportation, availability of doctors, and shortage of doctors. Literature review to identify and review new methods of improving access to health, quality of care, and improving the effectiveness of delivering health care services in remote Alaskan villages. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases that index health research were used along with Artic health databases. Abstracts and full articles were reviewed and categorized into four sections. Organizational structure of health services, Telehealth, E-health, and medical transportation. â€Å"Despite the challenges facing rural and remote regions, there is a distinctly positive message from this broad literature review. Evidence-based initiatives exist across a range of areas which include operational efficiency and integration, access to care, organizational structure, public health, continuing education and workforce composition that have the potential to positively impact health care quality and health-related outcomes† (Masucci, Mitton, Dionne, 2011). The literature review did not identify any past research associated with new ideas to improve access, quality, and efficiency in the organizational structures and delivery of health care services in northern rural and remote and rural populations. This review was directed toward the redesign of health care systems in Nunavut territory in Canada. When conducting research in an academic or professional setting, it is important to display ethical responsibility throughout the research study. For instance, Researchers conducting the study and collecting data should obtain permission from individuals who are involved in the study in any way. Researchers must ensure subjects involved in the study are not in any physical or emotional harm, such as asking difficult questions or using insensitive words. One very important consideration for researchers to remember when conducting any form of data collection is to be sure to maintain their own personal biases and opinions so they do not get in the way of the research. Research such as questionaries’ or observations should be conducted under the assumption that findings are kept anonymous. It is important to let the research subject know whether the research results will be anonymous or not. Research subjects should be chosen based on what and who will be most beneficial to  the research. And last, when reporting results from the research study the results must be accurately represented from what he or she was told or what you observed. For example, do not discuss parts of observations without putting them in appropriate context. Research has found that telehealth and ehealth has been effective in providing information of health professions with educational opportunities to in these rural populations that would not have been provided without telehealth and ehealth. Therefore, telehelath and ehealth system have a significant impact on improving access and quality care. The research also identified the use of medical air transport when needed services are not available as well as transportation to and from rural and remote regions. The study affirmed the importance of medical air transport in rural and remote regions while indicating such concerns are not unusual. Second, there are no evidence-based guidelines indicating which services to provide in local regions as opposed to having access by medical air transport or procedures in selecting which patients to select for emergency are transported. Currently no framework exists to determine the over or underutilization of medical air transport. Researchers found that the regions with the largest potential impact in remote regions are public health where several programs have been implemented, and analyzed indicating high degree of success. For example, health promotion programs such as alcohol and smoking cessation, obesity, exercise, dental care, hygiene, and suicide prevention. The literature strongly indicates these programs have positive impacts. Therefore, the regions in the research study have opportunity to improve the delivery and organization structure of health care services. This particular research study was not a systematic review. According to Masucci, Mitton, and Dionne (2011) â€Å"The purpose of the article was not to find literature on a wide range of topics but rather to find exemplary articles that could speak to the topics at hand. However, the caution is that while we attempted to provide both sides of any given story, in some cases important papers may have been missed which could suggest important alternative courses of action.† (p. 470). The research team relied on an advisory board that gave advice on their work. Review of only found positive solutions in which history politics, structures, and behavior contribute to improvement the key factor is action ability. This information will be crucial to enhancing care in the targeted regions as well as other  remote and rural regions nationwide. The research study identifies several challenges that northern rural remote regions face. The literature review found several evidence based initiative from operational efficiency, integration, applying telehealth, applying ehealth, organizational structure, public health, continuing education, and workforce composition have potential to have a positive impact on health outcomes in rural and remote northern regions. The only area of research that indicated not to have a positive impact was medical air transport indicating further research is needed. The research study has provided an extensive survey from literate regarding innovations in the organizational structure and delivery of health serveries in northern rural and remote regions. This study did not find any conflicts of interest regarding the improvement of health care in these rural and remote regions. Specific ideas and strategies found to improving access, quality, and efficiency in the organization structure and delivery of health care services in rural and remote northern regions are palliative model, which performed most effective for patients on weekly case conferences, on-call nursing, patient held records, shared protocols, and procedures. Reference: Masucci, L., Mitton, C., Dionne, F. (2011). ) Innovations in health service organization and delivery in northern rural and remote regions: a review of the literature. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 70(5), 460-472.